Introduction to Molecular Biology and DNA History

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What is the genotype of an organism?

The genes that control the trait of interest (correct)

A segment of a DNA molecule corresponding to a unit of inheritance

The sum of all the DNA in one set of chromosomes

The observable physical or behavioral traits of a cell or organism

In which year did Watson & Crick propose the molecular model of DNA structure?

1977

1953 (correct)

1983

1944

What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

Nucleotides (correct)

Gene products

Phosphate groups

Deoxyribose

Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

Maniatis et al. Signup and view all the answers

What does the backbone of the DNA strands consist of?

Sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups Signup and view all the answers

Who described lab methods for DNA sequencing in 1977?

Maxam & Gilbert Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes known as?

Genome of an organism (narrow sense) Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the technique known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983?

Mullis Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotype of an organism determined by?

The organism's genotype and environment jointly Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is DNA usually existing as in living organisms?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA region is responsible for the termination of transcription?

Termination signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that includes transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein)?

Gene expression Signup and view all the answers

In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

Exons and introns Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the human genome that consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the DNA region that contains the coding sequence?

Structure gene Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA/RNA is able to encode proteins based on the genetic code?

Codons Signup and view all the answers

What DNA fragments are continuous?

Genes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for slight variations on the standard genetic code, such as in vertebrate mitochondria?

"Redundant, degenerated but unambiguous" Signup and view all the answers

What runs side by side in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?

Transcription and translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

Promoter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of nucleotide found in DNA?

dCTP Signup and view all the answers

What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

Lab methods for DNA sequencing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a slight variation on the standard genetic code found in vertebrate mitochondria?

Mitochondrial codon reassignment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all the DNA in one set of chromosomes in the broad sense?

Genome Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

Deoxyribose and phosphate groups Signup and view all the answers

Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

Maniatis et al. Signup and view all the answers

What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

'Expressed' genome Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

Exon Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human genome consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

25% Signup and view all the answers

In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

Exons and introns Signup and view all the answers

In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

Phosphate groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of an organism?

Genetic makeup of an organism Signup and view all the answers

What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

DNA sequencing methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

Promoter Signup and view all the answers

What DNA fragments are continuous?

Exons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

Exon Signup and view all the answers

Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

Exon Signup and view all the answers

Introduction to Molecular Biology and DNA History

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Questions and Answers

What is the genotype of an organism?

In which year did Watson & Crick propose the molecular model of DNA structure?

What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

What does the backbone of the DNA strands consist of?

Who described lab methods for DNA sequencing in 1977?

What is the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes known as?

Who invented the technique known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983?

What is the phenotype of an organism determined by?

What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

What is DNA usually existing as in living organisms?

Which DNA region is responsible for the termination of transcription?

What is the process called that includes transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein)?

In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

What is the percentage of the human genome that consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

What is the name of the DNA region that contains the coding sequence?

Which DNA/RNA is able to encode proteins based on the genetic code?

What DNA fragments are continuous?

What is the term for slight variations on the standard genetic code, such as in vertebrate mitochondria?

What runs side by side in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?

What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

Which of the following is a type of nucleotide found in DNA?

What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

What is the term for a slight variation on the standard genetic code found in vertebrate mitochondria?

What is the term for the sum of all the DNA in one set of chromosomes in the broad sense?

In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

What percentage of the human genome consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

What is the genotype of an organism?

What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

What DNA fragments are continuous?

What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

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