Introduction to Molecular Biology and DNA History
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Questions and Answers

What is the genotype of an organism?

  • The genes that control the trait of interest (correct)
  • A segment of a DNA molecule corresponding to a unit of inheritance
  • The sum of all the DNA in one set of chromosomes
  • The observable physical or behavioral traits of a cell or organism

    • In which year did Watson & Crick propose the molecular model of DNA structure?

  • 1977
  • 1953 (correct)
  • 1983
  • 1944

    • What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

  • Nucleotides (correct)
  • Gene products
  • Phosphate groups
  • Deoxyribose

    • Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

    <p>Maniatis et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the backbone of the DNA strands consist of?

    <p>Sugars (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who described lab methods for DNA sequencing in 1977?

    <p>Maxam &amp; Gilbert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes known as?

    <p>Genome of an organism (narrow sense)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented the technique known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 1983?

    <p>Mullis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotype of an organism determined by?

    <p>The organism's genotype and environment jointly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is DNA usually existing as in living organisms?

    <p>Double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA region is responsible for the termination of transcription?

    <p>Termination signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that includes transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein)?

    <p>Gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

    <p>Exons and introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of the human genome that consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the DNA region that contains the coding sequence?

    <p>Structure gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA/RNA is able to encode proteins based on the genetic code?

    <p>Codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What DNA fragments are continuous?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for slight variations on the standard genetic code, such as in vertebrate mitochondria?

    <p>&quot;Redundant, degenerated but unambiguous&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What runs side by side in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes?

    <p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

    <p>Promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of nucleotide found in DNA?

    <p>dCTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

    <p>Lab methods for DNA sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a slight variation on the standard genetic code found in vertebrate mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondrial codon reassignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all the DNA in one set of chromosomes in the broad sense?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

    <p>Deoxyribose and phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed a procedure for gene isolation in 1978?

    <p>Maniatis et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the simple units of the DNA polymer called?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

    <p>'Expressed' genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

    <p>Exon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome consists of genes and related sequences?

    <p>2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome consists of non-coding regions like introns and pseudogenes?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the genes, which DNA regions are responsible for coding and non-coding sequences?

    <p>Exons and introns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotes, what is the backbone of the DNA strands made of?

    <p>Phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of an organism?

    <p>Genetic makeup of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Maxam & Gilbert, as well as Sanger et al., describe in 1977?

    <p>DNA sequencing methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the DNA region responsible for binding the RNA polymerase and initiating transcription?

    <p>Promoter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What DNA fragments are continuous?

    <p>Exons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all the genes in one set of chromosomes in the narrow sense?

    <p>Exon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which DNA region contains the coding sequence for a gene?

    <p>Exon</p> Signup and view all the answers

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