Podcast
Questions and Answers
During translation, the start codon on mRNA is AUG. The anticodon is __________ on __________.
During translation, the start codon on mRNA is AUG. The anticodon is __________ on __________.
UAC; tRNA
If words were amino acids, which of the following choices would illustrate a silent mutation of the 'wild-type' sentence: 'Please drive Priscilla home after her ballet lesson'?
If words were amino acids, which of the following choices would illustrate a silent mutation of the 'wild-type' sentence: 'Please drive Priscilla home after her ballet lesson'?
What is the correct sequence of bases on the mRNA molecule that is transcribed from the DNA strand: TAC TTC AAA ATC?
What is the correct sequence of bases on the mRNA molecule that is transcribed from the DNA strand: TAC TTC AAA ATC?
AUG AAG UUU UAG
What is the special function of the RNA codons UAA, UGA, and UAG?
What is the special function of the RNA codons UAA, UGA, and UAG?
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In translation, four nucleotides specify __________ amino acids, but there are __________ possible codons.
In translation, four nucleotides specify __________ amino acids, but there are __________ possible codons.
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The enzyme transferase joins each amino acid to its correct tRNA.
The enzyme transferase joins each amino acid to its correct tRNA.
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What is the name of the virus transmitted by mosquitoes that causes brain inflammation?
What is the name of the virus transmitted by mosquitoes that causes brain inflammation?
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The base sequence of the anticodon on tRNA that corresponds to the sequence AGT on DNA is __________.
The base sequence of the anticodon on tRNA that corresponds to the sequence AGT on DNA is __________.
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What is the source of the membranous envelope in viruses such as the mumps virus?
What is the source of the membranous envelope in viruses such as the mumps virus?
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Retroviruses use an enzyme called __________ to synthesize __________.
Retroviruses use an enzyme called __________ to synthesize __________.
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What characterizes transduction between bacteria?
What characterizes transduction between bacteria?
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Mumps is caused by a virus with DNA as its genetic material.
Mumps is caused by a virus with DNA as its genetic material.
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The frequency with which we need a vaccination against Disease X depends partly on __________.
The frequency with which we need a vaccination against Disease X depends partly on __________.
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When does translation of mRNA begin?
When does translation of mRNA begin?
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In DNA replication, one strand is synthesized in a single continuous piece by an enzyme that works __________ the replication fork. The other strand is composed of Okazaki fragments that are linked into a single strand by an enzyme called __________.
In DNA replication, one strand is synthesized in a single continuous piece by an enzyme that works __________ the replication fork. The other strand is composed of Okazaki fragments that are linked into a single strand by an enzyme called __________.
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Kuru is caused by a herpes virus.
Kuru is caused by a herpes virus.
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What was the most important result of the studies of heritability using bacteriophages conducted by Hershey and Chase in the 1950s?
What was the most important result of the studies of heritability using bacteriophages conducted by Hershey and Chase in the 1950s?
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Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA molecules is/are correct?
Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA molecules is/are correct?
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Substitution mutations usually result in dysfunctional proteins.
Substitution mutations usually result in dysfunctional proteins.
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Why is DNA replication called 'semiconservative'?
Why is DNA replication called 'semiconservative'?
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Which event occurs outside the interval between mRNA transcription and the exit of mRNA from the nucleus for translation?
Which event occurs outside the interval between mRNA transcription and the exit of mRNA from the nucleus for translation?
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Each molecule of DNA or RNA has a backbone consisting of two molecules, __________. The third component is __________.
Each molecule of DNA or RNA has a backbone consisting of two molecules, __________. The third component is __________.
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What characterizes a lysogenic, but not a lytic, viral reproductive cycle?
What characterizes a lysogenic, but not a lytic, viral reproductive cycle?
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Which of the following are implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following are implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance?
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Why did Beadle and Tatum win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958?
Why did Beadle and Tatum win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958?
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Why do we usually recover completely from a cold, but rarely recover completely from polio?
Why do we usually recover completely from a cold, but rarely recover completely from polio?
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Study Notes
Molecular Biology of the Gene Study Notes
- Translation begins with the start codon AUG on mRNA, with the corresponding anticodon UAC found on tRNA.
- Silent mutations alter the DNA sequence without changing the encoded amino acid, illustrated by "Please take Priscilla home in the car after her dance class" as a variation of the original sentence.
- The mRNA sequence transcribed from the DNA strand TAC TTC AAA ATC is AUG AAG UUU UAG.
- UAA, UGA, and UAG are stop codons that terminate translation.
- Four nucleotides code for 20 amino acids, resulting in 64 possible codons where some amino acids can be coded by multiple codons.
- An incorrect statement about tRNA is that transferase is responsible for joining amino acids to tRNA.
- The West Nile virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, can cause brain inflammation.
- The anticodon that pairs with the DNA sequence AGT on tRNA is AGU.
- The membranous envelope of the mumps virus originates from the host cell's plasma membrane during viral budding.
- Retroviruses utilize reverse transcriptase to create DNA from their RNA genome.
- Transduction in bacteria involves a phage inserting bacterial DNA into another bacterium.
- An incorrect pairing of a virus and its genetic material includes mumps being associated with DNA.
- The mutation rate of a virus influences how often vaccinations are required.
- Translation initiation involves an initiator tRNA carrying methionine binding to the mRNA start codon on the ribosomal small subunit.
- DNA replication synthesizes one strand continuously towards the replication fork and the other in Okazaki fragments, which are joined by DNA ligase.
- An incorrect pairing of a pathogen with a disease is kuru being caused by a herpes virus.
- Hershey and Chase's research confirmed DNA as the genetic material through their bacteriophage studies.
- Correct statements about DNA structure include unique nucleotide orders per gene, three hydrogen bonds between C-G, and an antiparallel arrangement of the phosphate-sugar backbone.
- Substitution mutations do not always lead to dysfunctional proteins.
- Semiconservative DNA replication results in one old and one new strand in each daughter molecule.
- During mRNA processing, start and stop codons are not recognized until translation begins, occurring after mRNA exits the nucleus.
- DNA and RNA have backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups, with nitrogenous bases attached.
- A lysogenic cycle allows the prophage to persist indefinitely within the bacterial chromosome, unlike lytic cycles.
- R plasmids contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance.
- Beadle and Tatum's "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis was supported by observing that each mutation in Neurospora crassa could be linked to a specific gene affecting enzyme production.
- Recovery from colds is more common than from polio due to respiratory tract cells' ability to undergo mitosis compared to non-dividing mature nerve cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the molecular biology of genes with this quiz. Explore concepts such as translation, mutations, mRNA sequences, and the role of tRNA in protein synthesis. Ideal for students in molecular biology at any level.
