Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of the process of transcription?

  • A mutation in the DNA sequence is corrected
  • A polypeptide is formed
  • A complementary RNA copy of a DNA sequence is produced (correct)
  • The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is altered

What is the result of a mutation in a gene?

  • The genetic code is altered
  • The sequence of nucleotides in the gene is changed
  • The gene is no longer expressed
  • Any of the above, resulting in a change in protein function (correct)

What is the role of the genetic code?

  • To determine the sequence of nucleotides in a gene
  • To specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (correct)
  • To replicate DNA
  • To translate RNA into protein

What happens to the polypeptide after translation?

<p>Any of the above, depending on the polypeptide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gene expression?

<p>To synthesize proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of UAA, UAG, and UGA in protein synthesis?

<p>Termination (stop) codons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the genetic code considered nearly universal?

<p>Because it's shared by all living organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the redundancy of the genetic code?

<p>Degeneracy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can genes be transplanted from one species to another?

<p>Because of the universality of the genetic code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the different ways of reading a sequence of codons?

<p>Reading frames (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of all genetic variation?

<p>Mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation is AUGUCUUAUGUGGGGUAA, compared to the wildtype sequence?

<p>Missense mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a loss-of-function mutation?

<p>Abolished protein function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation is AUGUCUUAAGAGGGGUAA, compared to the wildtype sequence?

<p>Nonsense mutation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conditional mutation?

<p>A mutation that causes a mutant phenotype in only a certain environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a gain-of-function mutation?

<p>Enhanced protein function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

<p>To attach amino acids to tRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 3rd nucleotide in a codon?

<p>It allows for loose binding with the tRNA anticodon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit?

<p>To bring together mRNA, tRNA, and the first amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the large ribosomal subunit?

<p>To catalyze peptide bond formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the redundancy of the genetic code?

<p>Several codons can utilize the same tRNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of the three stages of translation?

<p>A polypeptide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During translation initiation, what is the role of proteins called initiation factors?

<p>To bring in the large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for peptide bond formation?

<p>GTP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?

<p>To add a water molecule instead of an amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During translation elongation, what occurs in three steps?

<p>Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, and translocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the release factor and the ribosome during translation termination?

<p>The dissociation of the ribosomal subunits and other components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

<p>To bind to the mRNA and initiate translation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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