Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of the process of transcription?

  • A mutation in the DNA sequence is corrected
  • A polypeptide is formed
  • A complementary RNA copy of a DNA sequence is produced (correct)
  • The sequence of nucleotides in a gene is altered

    • What is the result of a mutation in a gene?

  • The genetic code is altered
  • The sequence of nucleotides in the gene is changed
  • The gene is no longer expressed
  • Any of the above, resulting in a change in protein function (correct)

    • What is the role of the genetic code?

  • To determine the sequence of nucleotides in a gene
  • To specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide (correct)
  • To replicate DNA
  • To translate RNA into protein

    • What happens to the polypeptide after translation?

    <p>Any of the above, depending on the polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gene expression?

    <p>To synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of UAA, UAG, and UGA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Termination (stop) codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the genetic code considered nearly universal?

    <p>Because it's shared by all living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the redundancy of the genetic code?

    <p>Degeneracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can genes be transplanted from one species to another?

    <p>Because of the universality of the genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the different ways of reading a sequence of codons?

    <p>Reading frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of all genetic variation?

    <p>Mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is AUGUCUUAUGUGGGGUAA, compared to the wildtype sequence?

    <p>Missense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a loss-of-function mutation?

    <p>Abolished protein function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is AUGUCUUAAGAGGGGUAA, compared to the wildtype sequence?

    <p>Nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conditional mutation?

    <p>A mutation that causes a mutant phenotype in only a certain environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a gain-of-function mutation?

    <p>Enhanced protein function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

    <p>To attach amino acids to tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the 3rd nucleotide in a codon?

    <p>It allows for loose binding with the tRNA anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit?

    <p>To bring together mRNA, tRNA, and the first amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the large ribosomal subunit?

    <p>To catalyze peptide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the redundancy of the genetic code?

    <p>Several codons can utilize the same tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the three stages of translation?

    <p>A polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation initiation, what is the role of proteins called initiation factors?

    <p>To bring in the large subunit that completes the translation initiation complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source for peptide bond formation?

    <p>GTP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the release factor during translation termination?

    <p>To add a water molecule instead of an amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation elongation, what occurs in three steps?

    <p>Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, and translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between the release factor and the ribosome during translation termination?

    <p>The dissociation of the ribosomal subunits and other components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit during translation initiation?

    <p>To bind to the mRNA and initiate translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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