Molecular Biology: Nucleic Acids Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of nucleic acid is responsible for carrying instructions for protein construction from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

  • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
  • Transport RNA (tRNA)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) (correct)

    • What distinguishes DNA from RNA in terms of size and function?

  • RNA is larger and cannot replicate itself.
  • DNA is larger and remains in the nucleus. (correct)
  • DNA is smaller and mainly involved in protein synthesis.
  • RNA is larger and stores genetic information.

    • Which statement correctly describes the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • tRNA codes for the genetic traits of an organism.
  • tRNA replicates the DNA molecule.
  • tRNA converts DNA into mRNA.
  • tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome. (correct)

    • What is meant by the term 'genome'?

    <p>The total complement of genes present in a species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA forms a part of the structure of ribosomes?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides the structure of the sides of the DNA molecule?

    <p>Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases are complementary in DNA?

    <p>Adenine and Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the nitrogenous bases connected to the deoxyribose sugar?

    <p>By covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of a nucleotide in DNA?

    <p>A deoxyribose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond holds the two nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA Polymerase III during DNA replication?

    <p>To add new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication?

    <p>The attachment of an RNA primer by Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Discontinuous segments synthesized on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 3' to 5' direction in DNA replication?

    <p>It helps to determine the direction of RNA primer attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSB) play during DNA replication?

    <p>They stabilize the separated strands of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes Chargaff's rule?

    <p>The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural organization of DNA when a cell is not dividing?

    <p>DNA is organized as a double helix within chromatin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromatin during cell division?

    <p>Chromatin condenses into a supercoil and forms chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes sister chromatids?

    <p>They are two identical chromosomes connected by a centromere after DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes form?

    <p>Chromosomes only form during cell division specifically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of helicase during DNA replication?

    <p>To separate the DNA strands by unwinding the double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

    <p>The orientation of carbon atoms in deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA strands during the initiation stage of replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, where do the complementary nucleotides come from?

    <p>Free-floating nucleotides present in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the termination stage of DNA replication?

    <p>Replication stops when the entire DNA strand has been copied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Primase in the lagging strand synthesis?

    <p>To add an RNA primer for DNA Polymerase III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the synthesis of the lagging strand characterized in relation to the leading strand?

    <p>It synthesizes in the opposite direction to the leading strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What corrective mechanism occurs due to mismatched base pairs during replication?

    <p>The action of enzymes to correct bulges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for replacing RNA primers with DNA nucleotides on the lagging strand?

    <p>DNA Polymerase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the 'semi-conservative' nature of DNA replication?

    <p>Each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

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