Molecular Biology: Gene Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of promoters in transcriptional regulation?

  • Recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription (correct)
  • Add methyl groups to CpG islands
  • Inhibit gene expression
  • Bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression

    • What is the result of DNA methylation on gene expression?

  • Increase in gene expression
  • Alteration of chromatin structure
  • No effect on gene expression
  • Decrease in gene expression (correct)

    • What is the function of microRNAs (miRNAs)?

  • To remove introns and join exons
  • To bind to DNA and regulate gene expression
  • To recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
  • To bind to mRNA and prevent translation (correct)

    • What is the main function of chromatin remodeling?

    <p>To alter chromatin structure and accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)?

    <p>To regulate mRNA stability, localization, and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of RNA interference (RNAi)?

    <p>Degradation of specific mRNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Transcriptional Regulation

    • Transcription factors: Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression
    • Enhancers: DNA sequences that loop back to the promoter to increase transcription
    • Promoters: DNA sequences that recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
    • Repressors: Transcription factors that inhibit gene expression by binding to operators

    Epigenetic Regulation

    • DNA methylation: Addition of methyl groups to CpG islands, typically leading to gene silencing
    • Histone modification: Covalent modification of histone proteins to alter chromatin structure and accessibility
    • Chromatin remodeling: ATP-dependent alteration of chromatin structure to facilitate or inhibit transcription

    Post-Transcriptional Regulation

    • RNA splicing: Removal of introns and joining of exons to form mature mRNA
    • Alternative splicing: Generation of different mRNA isoforms from a single gene
    • MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Small RNAs that bind to mRNA, preventing translation
    • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs): Proteins that regulate mRNA stability, localization, and translation

    Gene Silencing

    • RNA interference (RNAi): Double-stranded RNA-mediated degradation of specific mRNA molecules
    • Gene silencing by siRNAs: Small interfering RNAs that target specific mRNAs for degradation
    • Epigenetic gene silencing: Heritable silencing of gene expression through epigenetic modifications

    Cellular Regulation

    • Cell signaling: Signaling pathways that regulate gene expression in response to environmental cues
    • Hormone regulation: Hormones that regulate gene expression by binding to specific receptors
    • Tissue-specific gene expression: Regulation of gene expression in specific cell types or tissues

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of gene regulation mechanisms, including transcriptional, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and cellular regulation. Learn about the different ways genes are regulated and expressed.

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