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Questions and Answers
What is the function of promoters in transcriptional regulation?
What is the result of DNA methylation on gene expression?
What is the function of microRNAs (miRNAs)?
What is the main function of chromatin remodeling?
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What is the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)?
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What is the result of RNA interference (RNAi)?
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Study Notes
Transcriptional Regulation
- Transcription factors: Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene expression
- Enhancers: DNA sequences that loop back to the promoter to increase transcription
- Promoters: DNA sequences that recruit RNA polymerase to initiate transcription
- Repressors: Transcription factors that inhibit gene expression by binding to operators
Epigenetic Regulation
- DNA methylation: Addition of methyl groups to CpG islands, typically leading to gene silencing
- Histone modification: Covalent modification of histone proteins to alter chromatin structure and accessibility
- Chromatin remodeling: ATP-dependent alteration of chromatin structure to facilitate or inhibit transcription
Post-Transcriptional Regulation
- RNA splicing: Removal of introns and joining of exons to form mature mRNA
- Alternative splicing: Generation of different mRNA isoforms from a single gene
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Small RNAs that bind to mRNA, preventing translation
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs): Proteins that regulate mRNA stability, localization, and translation
Gene Silencing
- RNA interference (RNAi): Double-stranded RNA-mediated degradation of specific mRNA molecules
- Gene silencing by siRNAs: Small interfering RNAs that target specific mRNAs for degradation
- Epigenetic gene silencing: Heritable silencing of gene expression through epigenetic modifications
Cellular Regulation
- Cell signaling: Signaling pathways that regulate gene expression in response to environmental cues
- Hormone regulation: Hormones that regulate gene expression by binding to specific receptors
- Tissue-specific gene expression: Regulation of gene expression in specific cell types or tissues
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Description
Test your knowledge of gene regulation mechanisms, including transcriptional, epigenetic, post-transcriptional, and cellular regulation. Learn about the different ways genes are regulated and expressed.
