Molecular Biology: Gene Mutations and Hemoglobin
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Questions and Answers

What is the most immediate consequence of a mutation that shifts the reading frame of a gene?

  • The protein will have a different number of subunits.
  • The protein will lose its prosthetic group.
  • The amino acid sequence after the mutation will be altered. (correct)
  • The protein will fold to a different 3D structure.
  • How does a mutation in a gamete potentially impact future generations?

  • It will only affect the protein structure of the individual where the mutation takes place.
  • It will cause the zygote to divide abnormally.
  • It can be inherited by the offspring and affect their proteins. (correct)
  • It will cause the gamete not to be viable anymore.
  • Given that a change in protein primary structure may affect function, what direct impact would be expected due to changes in the external 3D hydrophilic groups of hemoglobin?

  • Increased $Fe^{2+}$ binding to the heme.
  • Reduced oxygen binding capacity of heme group.
  • Changes in the shape of the 4 subunits of the protein.
  • Interference with hemoglobin's interactions within the red blood cell. (correct)
  • In the context of sickle cell anemia, how does a mutation in the beta polypeptide chain of hemoglobin primarily cause the disease?

    <p>By changing the shape of the red blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct function of the iron ($Fe^{2+}$) atom within the heme group of hemoglobin?

    <p>To bind and transport oxygen ($O_2$). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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