Molecular Biology: DNA Replication Overview

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What is the role of DNA ligase in the replication process?

It elongates the DNA chain by adding nucleotides.

It corrects errors during DNA replication.

It introduces nicks to facilitate unwinding of DNA.

It seals the nicks between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (correct)

Which of the following correctly describes a characteristic shared by DNA polymerases?

They can carry out mitosis.

They are ATP-dependent enzymes.

They exclusively bind to the leading strand.

They have a proofreading function and can elongate chains. (correct)

What is a function of DNA topoisomerases during DNA replication?

They synthesize Okazaki fragments.

They seal nicks using ATP.

They unwind supercoiled DNA and introduce nicks. (correct)

They correct proofreading errors.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the transition between different phases of the cell cycle?

Activation of cyclin proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily responsible for unwinding the DNA during replication?

DNA helicase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the RNA primer in DNA synthesis?

It serves as an acceptor for the first nucleotide from DNA polymerase. Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What structural formation is described as a 'V' shape where active synthesis occurs?

Replication fork Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Single Stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) in DNA replication?

To stabilize unwound ssDNA and prevent reannealing Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the replication fork is NOT involved in the actual synthesis of the DNA strand?

DNA helicase Signup and view all the answers

What defines the origin of replication (ori) in bacterial DNA?

It is a specific sequence of bases where replication begins. Signup and view all the answers

Which complex is formed by helicase and primase that aids in the initiation of DNA synthesis?

Primosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of DNA polymerase I during DNA replication?

Excises RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

In which direction does DNA polymerase III synthesize new DNA strands?

5' to 3' Signup and view all the answers

Which strand is synthesized continuously and requires only one RNA primer?

Leading strand Signup and view all the answers

What are Okazaki fragments associated with?

Lagging strand synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the leading strand from the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Leading strand is synthesized towards the replication fork Signup and view all the answers

What role do single-strand binding proteins (SSBPs) play during DNA replication?

Preventing premature reannealing of dsDNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of topoisomerases in the replication process?

Relieve torsional strain from unwinding DNA Signup and view all the answers

How are newly replicated DNA strands assembled back into chromatin structure?

By reconstitution into nucleosomes Signup and view all the answers