DNA Replication Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What role does helicase play in DNA replication?

Connects Okazaki fragments
Unwinds the DNA double helix (correct)
Synthesizes new DNA strands
Creates RNA primers

Which enzyme is responsible for preventing the overwinding of DNA during replication?

Primase
DNA Polymerase
Topoisomerase (correct)
Ligase

In what manner is the leading strand synthesized during DNA replication?

Continuously (correct)
Discontinuously
In the 3' to 5' direction
In fragments

What are Okazaki fragments?

<p>Short fragments on the lagging strand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes semi-conservative replication?

<p>Both strands consist of one original and one new strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

DNA Replication

The process where a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA, ensuring each new daughter cell gets a complete set.

Helicase

The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, separating the two strands for replication.

Primase

Creates short RNA primers on the DNA template, providing a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis.

Leading Strand

The new DNA strand synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction. This strand is built smoothly and directly.

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Lagging Strand

The new DNA strand synthesized in short fragments called Okazaki fragments. This strand is built in a piecemeal fashion, with fragments eventually joined by ligase.

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Study Notes

DNA Replication

DNA replication is the process of duplicating DNA.
It occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
It requires 5 key enzymes.

Enzymes in DNA Replication

Helicase: Unwinds the DNA double helix.
Topoisomerase: Prevents the recoiling of DNA strands.
Primase: Adds RNA primers to initiate DNA synthesis.
DNA Polymerase: Synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction.
Ligase: Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Leading and Lagging Strands

Leading strand: Synthesized continuously from the 5' to 3' direction.
Lagging strand: Synthesized discontinuously in short fragments (Okazaki fragments) from the 3' to 5' direction.