Molecular Biology Course Syllabus

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What is the term for cells producing signals that they themselves respond to?

Autocrine signaling

What type of signaling do neurons perform by transmitting signals electrically along their axons and releasing neurotransmitters at synapses?

Synaptic signaling

What are the two categories of signal molecules based on their solubility?

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic

What are the three major classes of cell-surface receptor proteins?

Ion-channel-coupled receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, and Enzyme-coupled receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for extracellular signal molecules binding to specific receptors and initiating a response in the target cell?

Extracellular signal molecules bind to specific receptors and then initiate a response in the target cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main steps of cell signaling?

<ol> <li>The signal molecule binds to a receptor protein embedded in the plasma membrane of the target cell. 2. The receptor activates one or more intracellular signaling pathways. 3. One or more of the intracellular signaling proteins alters the activity of effector proteins and the behavior of the cell.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of intracellular signaling pathways?

Intracellular signaling pathways consist of intracellular signaling proteins and effector proteins, such as transcription regulators, ion channels, components of a metabolic pathway, or parts of the cytoskeleton. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main categories of extracellular signaling?

The two main categories of extracellular signaling are (A) Contact-dependent signaling and (B) Paracrine signaling. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the receptor protein in cell signaling?

The main function of the receptor protein is to bind to the signal molecule and activate intracellular signaling pathways. Signup and view all the answers

How do intracellular signaling proteins alter the behavior of the cell?

Intracellular signaling proteins alter the behavior of the cell by modifying the activity of effector proteins. Signup and view all the answers

In cell signaling, what is the function of the receptor protein?

To bind to the signal molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signaling involves local mediators released into the extracellular space acting on neighboring cells?

Paracrine signaling Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of intracellular signaling pathways that alter the behavior of the cell?

Transcription regulators and ion channels Signup and view all the answers

Which week in the course syllabus would focus on Transmembrane transport of ions and small molecules?

Week 8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for signals transmitted electrically along neurons' axons and released at synapses?

Synaptic signaling Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signal molecules are unable to cross the plasma membrane?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ion-channel-coupled receptors?

Involved in rapid synaptic signaling between nerve cells and excitable target cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of signal molecules are transported in the bloodstream and other extracellular fluids bound to carrier proteins?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of G-protein-coupled receptors?

Indirectly regulate the activity of a separate plasma-membrane-bound target protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of enzyme-coupled receptors?

Their ligand-binding site is inside the cell and their catalytic site is outside Signup and view all the answers