30 Questions
What are the four distinctive characteristics of the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick?
- DNA is a double helix with two strands connected by hydrogen bonds. 2. Most DNA helices are right-handed. 3. The helix is anti-parallel, with a 5' end pairing with the 3' end of its complementary strand. 4. The outer edges of the nitrogen-containing bases are exposed and available for hydrogen bonding.
What is the distance between base pairs in DNA, and how many base pairs comprise one helical turn?
The distance between base pairs is 0.34 nm, and one helical turn comprises 10 base pairs.
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA, and how do they pair with each other?
The four nitrogenous bases are A, T, G, and C, with A pairing with T and G pairing with C.
What is the chemical composition of a single strand of DNA, and what is the role of deoxyribose?
A single strand of DNA is composed of a 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Deoxyribose is a 5-carbon sugar that makes up the backbone of DNA.
What is the significance of the 5'-end and 3'-end of a DNA strand?
The 5'-end and 3'-end of a DNA strand are polar, with the 5'-end having a phosphate group and the 3'-end having a hydroxyl group.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?
Hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases provide stability to the DNA double helix.
What did Phoebus Levene propose as the chemical structure of nucleotides (DNA)?
Composed of phosphates, sugar (deoxyribose), and bases (A, T, G, and C). The phosphate groups are attached to the C5 of the deoxyribose, and the distribution of bases occur in a 1:1:1:1 ratio across the DNA structure.
Who discovered the phosphorus-containing molecule inside nuclei of human white blood cells in 1869?
Friedrich Miescher
Why did Levene rule out DNA as the genetic material initially?
He thought DNA was chemically far too simple to store any genetic code.
What components did Phoebus Levene identify in DNA in 1909 and 1929?
Ribose in 1909, Deoxyribose in 1929.
According to Chargaff's rule, what is the ratio of bases (A, T, G, C) in DNA?
1:1:1:1
What is the term used by Friedrich Miescher to refer to the molecule he discovered inside human white blood cells?
Nuclein
What are the two disciplines connected by Molecular Biology?
Genetics and Biochemistry
What is the main focus of geneticists in their research?
How traits are inherited via gene segregation
What is the central concept that Molecular Biology is based on?
The central dogma of molecular biology
What discovery in 1953 accelerated the field of Molecular Biology?
The discovery of DNA
What process do molecular biologists study in the context of gene expression?
Replication and expression of genes into functional RNA and proteins
What is the focus of biochemists in their research?
How proteins influence the traits of an organism
What are the three course learning outcomes for BSM 3201 Molecular Biology?
To differentiate different processes in cells, relate molecular biology principles with the structure and function in cells, and describe molecular biology regulation in groups.
What is the title of the textbook written by Watson et al.?
Molecular Biology of the Gene
What percentage of the assessments scheme is allocated to the Final Exam?
40%
What is the learning outcome of Lecture 01: DNA as the Genetic Material?
To understand the historical background leading towards the elucidation of DNA structure
Who are the authors of the textbook 'Fundamental Molecular Biology'?
Allison, L.A.
What is the topic of Lecture 01 in the course outline?
DNA as the genetic material
What was Frederick Griffith studying when he discovered bacterial transformation?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What was the difference between the Smooth (S) form and Rough (R) form of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
The S form was virulent and had a polysaccharide capsule, while the R form was avirulent and had no capsule.
How did Avery, MacLeod, and McCarthy determine that DNA was the 'transforming principle'?
By treating extracts with proteases, RNase, and DNase, and finding that only DNase destroyed the transforming substance.
What did Hershey and Chase use to confirm that DNA is the genetic material?
T2 bacteriophages labeled with 32P and 35S.
Predict what would be observed in E. coli infected with 32P-labeled phages.
The radioactivity from 32P would be found inside the E. coli cells.
What would be observed in E. coli infected with 35S-labeled phages?
The radioactivity from 35S would be found outside the E. coli cells.
Learn about the course learning outcomes, topics, and instructors for BSM 3201 Molecular Biology taught by Dr. Mas Jaffri Masarudin and Dr. Normi Yahaya at UPM. Topics include DNA as the genetic material, extrachromosomal inheritance, DNA replication, and molecular biology regulation.
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