Molecular Biology Chapter Quiz

<p>It can produce proteins that promote uncontrolled cell division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a universal language of genetics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription and translation are coupled and occur simultaneously. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects against mutations that could alter the amino acid sequence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To extend the ends of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can extend lifespan by preventing the shortening of telomeres. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AT-rich sequences are easily unwound, allowing RNA polymerase to bind. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To amplify RNA sequences from a small sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It used DNA sequencing techniques to map the entire human genome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for a single tRNA to recognize multiple codons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is where the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain binds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of RNA in the cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The change may be detected and corrected by proofreading mechanisms during DNA replication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids, while the secondary structure refers to local interactions between amino acids on the backbone, resulting in alpha helices and beta sheets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excision repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quaternary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomal insertions/deletions involve entire segments of chromosomes, while frame shift mutations involve insertions or deletions of individual nucleotides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the site of amino acid attachment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a translocation mutation associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are able to move from one location to another within the genome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proofreading ensures the accurate replication of DNA by detecting and correcting errors during DNA synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The operon is always active unless a repressor protein binds to the operator region, blocking transcription. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are found primarily in eukaryotic organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of tryptophan represses the operon, preventing further tryptophan production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The operon is active when the inducer is present and inactive when the inducer is absent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports lactose into the bacterial cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactose metabolism involves the breakdown of complex molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process where a single primary RNA transcript can be processed to produce different mature mRNA transcripts, leading to various proteins.

Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins involved in the splicing of pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA.

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code corresponding to a specific amino acid.

The universal language of genetics that dictates how sequences of nitrogenous bases relate to proteins in all living organisms.

The specific codon AUG, which signifies the beginning of protein synthesis.

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA using RNA as a template to repair telomeres.

A complex made of RNA and protein, crucial for many cellular processes.

An RNA sequence that pairs with DNA sequences, like TTAGGG.

Telomerase from outside the organism, often tested for therapeutic effects.

A technique to amplify specific DNA sequences in vitro.

A modification of PCR that allows for the amplification of RNA templates.

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template within the nucleus.

Changes made to RNA after transcription before it exits to the cytoplasm.

The idea that the third base of a codon can vary while the first two bases are the same, allowing redundancy in amino acid coding.

The process of converting mRNA into proteins, occurring in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes with the help of ribosomes and tRNA.

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet; there are 9 essential amino acids.

Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body; there are 11 non-essential amino acids.

RNA species that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis and has anticodons that pair with mRNA codons.

Genes controlled by a single regulatory sequence that can produce polycistronic mRNA.

A long strand of mRNA that contains codes for multiple genes.

The metabolic process of building up molecules, such as proteins.

A repressible operon involved in the synthesis of tryptophan, an amino acid.

The metabolic process of breaking down molecules to release energy.

An inducible operon that facilitates the breakdown of lactose when present.

A protein that binds to DNA and inhibits transcription when active.

Transfer RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

A three-base sequence on tRNA that matches the mRNA codon.

RNA component of ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.

Three binding sites in ribosomes: E (exit), P (peptidyl), A (arrival).

Enzymes that charge tRNA with the correct amino acid.

The three stages of translation: initiation, elongation, termination.

The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Localized folding of the amino acid chain, like alpha helices and beta sheets.

The 3D shape of a protein, determined by long-range interactions between amino acids.

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein.

A mechanism where DNA checks and corrects errors during synthesis.

Enzymes that fix incorrectly paired nucleotides after DNA replication.

A repair process that removes and replaces damaged DNA segments.

A type of chromosomal mutation where part of a chromosome is missing.

A chromosomal mutation where extra DNA is added to a chromosome.

A mutation where a segment of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards.

DNA sequences that can move and insert themselves into different locations in the genome.

A mutation that alters the reading frame of a gene due to insertions or deletions.