Chapter 17a

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What is the function of RNA polymerase during elongation?

To separate from the RNA transcript and terminate transcription
To transcribe a transcription-termination signal
To recognize promoters and bind to the DNA template
To read the DNA template and add nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA (correct)

What is the role of a hairpin structure in bacterial transcription?

It is a signal that causes RNA polymerase to separate from the RNA transcript (correct)
It is a type of general transcription factor
It is a polycistronic mRNA
It is a type of RNA polymerase

What is a characteristic of polycistronic mRNAs in bacteria?

They can code for more than one polypeptide at once (correct)
They are always monocistronic
They code for a single polypeptide
They are transcribed in the nucleus

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and bacterial transcription in terms of termination?

Eukaryotic transcription uses a poly(A) signal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?

They recognize and bind to promoters (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

In the nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines which DNA strand will be used as the template during transcription initiation?

The orientation of sigma binding to the -35 and -10 boxes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sigma in transcription initiation?

To bind to the -35 and -10 boxes in a specific orientation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the DNA double helix during transcription initiation?

It is opened by RNA polymerase (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where do incoming NTPs enter during transcription?

A channel in the enzyme (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of complementary NTPs pairing with DNA bases during transcription?

Polymerization of RNA begins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the -35 and -10 boxes in transcription initiation?

To provide a binding site for sigma (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which direction do RNA polymerases perform template-directed synthesis?

5′ → 3′ (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?

Synthesizing mRNAs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of alpha-amanitin on RNA polymerase II?

It inhibits RNA polymerase II (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have?

Three (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what stage of transcription do RNA polymerases bind to the DNA template?

Initiation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

Transcription (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

To synthesize an RNA version of the DNA instructions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the non-template strand in transcription?

It matches the sequence of the mRNA (except U for T) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why do different cells need different proteins?

Because gene expression is regulated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to transcription when it is shut down completely?

It is terminated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in transcription?

To provide building blocks for RNA synthesis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What determines which genomic information is used in different cells?

Gene expression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the primary transcript in eukaryotes after transcription?

It undergoes RNA processing before being translated. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Poly-A signal sequence in eukaryotic transcription?

It terminates transcription. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in RNA splicing?

They remove introns from primary transcripts. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of RNA splicing in eukaryotes?

The production of different mRNAs from a single gene. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between transcription in eukaryotes and bacteria?

Eukaryotes require RNA processing, while bacteria do not. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of cleavage after the Poly-A signal sequence in eukaryotic transcription?

The transcription is terminated. (B) Signup and view all the answers