30 Questions
What is the function of RNA polymerase during elongation?
To read the DNA template and add nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA
What is the role of a hairpin structure in bacterial transcription?
It is a signal that causes RNA polymerase to separate from the RNA transcript
What is a characteristic of polycistronic mRNAs in bacteria?
They can code for more than one polypeptide at once
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and bacterial transcription in terms of termination?
Eukaryotic transcription uses a poly(A) signal
What is the role of general transcription factors in eukaryotic transcription?
They recognize and bind to promoters
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
In the nucleus
What determines which DNA strand will be used as the template during transcription initiation?
The orientation of sigma binding to the -35 and -10 boxes
What is the role of sigma in transcription initiation?
To bind to the -35 and -10 boxes in a specific orientation
What happens to the DNA double helix during transcription initiation?
It is opened by RNA polymerase
Where do incoming NTPs enter during transcription?
A channel in the enzyme
What is the result of complementary NTPs pairing with DNA bases during transcription?
Polymerization of RNA begins
What is the purpose of the -35 and -10 boxes in transcription initiation?
To provide a binding site for sigma
In which direction do RNA polymerases perform template-directed synthesis?
5′ → 3′
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes?
Synthesizing mRNAs
What is the effect of alpha-amanitin on RNA polymerase II?
It inhibits RNA polymerase II
How many RNA polymerases do eukaryotes have?
Three
In what stage of transcription do RNA polymerases bind to the DNA template?
Initiation
What is the name of the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?
Transcription
What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?
To synthesize an RNA version of the DNA instructions
What is the role of the non-template strand in transcription?
It matches the sequence of the mRNA (except U for T)
Why do different cells need different proteins?
Because gene expression is regulated
What happens to transcription when it is shut down completely?
It is terminated
What is the function of ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in transcription?
To provide building blocks for RNA synthesis
What determines which genomic information is used in different cells?
Gene expression
What happens to the primary transcript in eukaryotes after transcription?
It undergoes RNA processing before being translated.
What is the role of the Poly-A signal sequence in eukaryotic transcription?
It terminates transcription.
What is the function of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in RNA splicing?
They remove introns from primary transcripts.
What is the result of RNA splicing in eukaryotes?
The production of different mRNAs from a single gene.
What is the difference between transcription in eukaryotes and bacteria?
Eukaryotes require RNA processing, while bacteria do not.
What is the outcome of cleavage after the Poly-A signal sequence in eukaryotic transcription?
The transcription is terminated.
This quiz covers the process of transcription, where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template. It explores the role of RNA polymerases and the differences between transcription and DNA replication.
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