Molecular Basis of Inheritance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What two components form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain?

  • Thymine and Guanine
  • Adenine and Cytosine
  • Sugar and Protein
  • Sugar and Phosphates (correct)

    • Uracil is found in RNA instead of thymine.

    True

    Who proposed the Double Helix model of DNA?

    James Watson and Francis Crick

    DNA was first identified by _____ in 1869.

    <p>Friedrich Meischer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond pairs the bases in the two strands of DNA?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the nitrogenous bases with their pair:

    <p>Adenine = Thymine Guanine = Cytosine Thymine = Adenine Cytosine = Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two strands of DNA have the same polarity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adenine forms _____ hydrogen bonds with Thymine.

    <p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the promoter in a transcription unit?

    <p>It serves as a binding site for RNA polymerase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The template strand of DNA has the same sequence as the RNA transcribed from it, except for the presence of uracil instead of thymine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strand acts as the template for RNA synthesis during transcription?

    <p>3' → 5' strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is located towards the downstream end of the coding strand and defines the end of transcription.

    <p>terminator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the enzyme beta-galactosidase in the lac operon?

    <p>To hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of a transcription unit with their descriptions:

    <p>Promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase Template Strand = Strand that is transcribed to make RNA Coding Strand = Strand with the same sequence as RNA Terminator = Signals the end of transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the coding strand?

    <p>It has the same sequence as the transcribed RNA, except for thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lac operon contains two structural genes and one regulatory gene.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the positions of the promoter and terminator are switched, the identities of the coding and template strands are also reversed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the first to elucidate the transcriptionally regulated system of the lac operon?

    <p>Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the lac operon, the gene labeled 'i' is responsible for coding the ________ of the operon.

    <p>repressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the direction of transcription during RNA synthesis.

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the lac operon with their functions:

    <p>Z gene = Codes for beta-galactosidase I gene = Codes for the repressor Y gene = Codes for permease A gene = Codes for transacetylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the expression of the genes in the lac operon?

    <p>Environmental conditions and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The operator region in prokaryotic DNA facilitates the binding of activating proteins to the promoter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a few examples of operons other than the lac operon.

    <p>trp operon, ara operon, his operon, val operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated total number of genes in the human genome?

    <p>30,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Y chromosome contains the most genes among all human chromosomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people?

    <p>99.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human genome contains approximately ______ million base pairs.

    <p>3164.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chromosomes with the number of genes they contain:

    <p>Chromosome 1 = 2968 genes Chromosome Y = 231 genes Chromosome 2 = Estimated 3000 genes Chromosome 3 = Approximately similar to chromosome 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest known human gene?

    <p>dystrophin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Less than 2 percent of the human genome codes for proteins.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do SNPs stand for in the context of genetics?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary uses of understanding DNA variations among individuals?

    <p>Revolutionizing diagnosis and treatment of disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria and yeast are commonly used as hosts in DNA cloning.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EST stand for in the context of gene expression?

    <p>Expressed Sequence Tags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method of sequencing developed by Frederick Sanger is primarily used for determining the sequence of _____ in proteins.

    <p>amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following non-human organisms with their common applications:

    <p>Bacteria = Genetic cloning Yeast = Fermentation processes Caenorhabditis elegans = Developmental biology studies Drosophila = Genetic research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to refer to the assignment of functions to different regions in a DNA sequence?

    <p>Sequence Annotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA can be sequenced in very long pieces without technical limitations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the names of the vectors used for bacterial and yeast cloning?

    <p>BAC and YAC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was concluded from the transformation of R strain bacteria by heat-killed S strain bacteria?

    <p>DNA was the transforming principle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The genetic material was already established as DNA before the experiments of Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Hershey and Chase use to differentiate between protein and DNA in their experiments?

    <p>Radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biochemical characterization of the transforming principle led to the conclusion that ______ is the hereditary material.

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the scientists with their contributions to the understanding of genetic material:

    <p>Griffith = Discovered transformation phenomenon Avery, MacLeod, McCarty = Identified DNA as the transforming principle Hershey and Chase = Confirmed DNA is the genetic material using bacteriophages Colin MacLeod = Collaborated on biochemical characterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of digesting the transforming substance with DNase?

    <p>Transformation was inhibited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins and RNA did not affect the transformation of R cells into S cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses did Hershey and Chase study in their experiments?

    <p>Bacteriophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Molecular Basis of Inheritance

    • DNA is the genetic material for most organisms
    • DNA replicates semiconservatively
    • DNA is a double helix with two anti-parallel strands
    • Base pairing: Adenine (A) with Thymine (T), Guanine (G) with Cytosine (C)
    • Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids
    • DNA replication involves unwinding the helix, separating strands, and synthesizing new complementary strands
    • The process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription
    • RNA polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes transcription
    • The genetic code specifies the sequence of amino acids in proteins
    • Translation is the process of protein synthesis, where mRNA is read by ribosomes to create proteins using tRNA
    • Regulation of gene expression controls when and where genes are expressed
    • Operons are groups of genes that are regulated together in prokaryotes
    • DNA fingerprinting identifies differences in DNA sequences using repetitive DNA sequences
    • Mutations can cause changes in the sequence of DNA, leading to variations in traits

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    Molecular Basis of Inheritance PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the molecular basis of inheritance including DNA structure, replication, transcription, and translation processes. This quiz covers the mechanisms behind genetic information and gene expression regulation. Perfect for students studying genetics or molecular biology.

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