30 Questions
Molecular techniques are beneficial in the diagnosis of which infection?
Syphilis
Why are molecular methods advisable for Haemophilus ducreyi?
Due to difficulties of culture and its low sensitivity
What is the primary benefit of molecular-based methods in virus detection?
Difficulty in growing and identifying viruses
What is the main purpose of the IgM test?
To diagnose the disease during onset
What is the function of IgG antibodies?
To protect against further infection by the same virus
What is the purpose of genotyping by sequence analysis?
To identify viruses
What is the primary method used in clinical microbiology laboratories?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
What is the importance of preserving viability in specimen collection?
To maintain nucleic acid integrity
What is the function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)?
To activate intracellular signaling pathways
Why is it necessary to inactivate inhibitors during sample preparation?
To remove acidic polysaccharides from sputum
What are sensitivity and specificity in the context of molecular-based testing?
Measures of test performance
What is the purpose of using proper equipment in specimen collection?
To prevent contamination
What is the term for the movement of dislodged tumor cells from the original site to other locations?
Metastasis
What type of tumor is an adenoma?
Benign glandular tumor
Which type of neoplasm arises from white blood cells?
Leukemia
What is the purpose of clinical analysis in detecting metastasis?
To aid in treatment strategy
What is the key difference between leukemia and lymphoma?
The difference between them is not clear, as they can display similar symptoms
Which type of tumor is characterized by multiple cell types?
Teratocarcinoma
What is the primary focus of molecular epidemiology?
Genotypic analysis targeting genomic or plasmid DNA
What is the role of PFGE in molecular epidemiology?
To compare DNA sequences of different isolates
According to the Rule of Three, what does a PFGE pattern with 2-3 fragment differences indicate?
The test isolate is possibly related to the outbreak strain
What is the term for a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas?
Pandemic
What is the source of genotype information in molecular epidemiology?
Species-, strain-, or type-specific DNA sequences
What is the term for the collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data?
Epidemiology
What type of mutations are usually found in oncogenes?
Gain of function mutations
What is the result of mutations in tumor suppressor genes?
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene products
What is the purpose of targeting tissue-specific genes in molecular testing?
To detect and monitor the presence of a tumor
What type of genetic structures are more definitive with respect to the presence of a tumor?
Tumor-specific genetic structures
What type of abnormalities are associated with the development of a tumor?
Genome, chromosomal, or gene abnormalities
What type of tumors can have gene mutations and chromosomal translocations?
Solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas
Explore the primary molecular methods used in clinical microbiology laboratories, including PCR and sequencing. Learn how these techniques are applied to various microorganisms, from bacteria to viruses, fungi, and parasites. Understand the role of molecular-based testing in clinical microbiology and epidemiology.
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