Molecular-Based Testing in Clinical Microbiology
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Questions and Answers

Molecular techniques are beneficial in the diagnosis of which infection?

  • Cholera
  • Tuberculosis
  • Chancroid
  • Syphilis (correct)

Why are molecular methods advisable for Haemophilus ducreyi?

  • Due to difficulties of culture and its low sensitivity (correct)
  • Due to high sensitivity of culture
  • Due to ease of virus growth
  • Due to high specificity of antibody detection

What is the primary benefit of molecular-based methods in virus detection?

  • Low sensitivity of antibody detection
  • Difficulty in growing and identifying viruses (correct)
  • High specificity of antigen detection
  • Ease of virus growth

What is the main purpose of the IgM test?

<p>To diagnose the disease during onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgG antibodies?

<p>To protect against further infection by the same virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genotyping by sequence analysis?

<p>To identify viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in clinical microbiology laboratories?

<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of preserving viability in specimen collection?

<p>To maintain nucleic acid integrity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)?

<p>To activate intracellular signaling pathways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to inactivate inhibitors during sample preparation?

<p>To remove acidic polysaccharides from sputum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sensitivity and specificity in the context of molecular-based testing?

<p>Measures of test performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using proper equipment in specimen collection?

<p>To prevent contamination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of dislodged tumor cells from the original site to other locations?

<p>Metastasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is an adenoma?

<p>Benign glandular tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neoplasm arises from white blood cells?

<p>Leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clinical analysis in detecting metastasis?

<p>To aid in treatment strategy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between leukemia and lymphoma?

<p>The difference between them is not clear, as they can display similar symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by multiple cell types?

<p>Teratocarcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of molecular epidemiology?

<p>Genotypic analysis targeting genomic or plasmid DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PFGE in molecular epidemiology?

<p>To compare DNA sequences of different isolates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rule of Three, what does a PFGE pattern with 2-3 fragment differences indicate?

<p>The test isolate is possibly related to the outbreak strain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas?

<p>Pandemic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of genotype information in molecular epidemiology?

<p>Species-, strain-, or type-specific DNA sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data?

<p>Epidemiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations are usually found in oncogenes?

<p>Gain of function mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mutations in tumor suppressor genes?

<p>Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of targeting tissue-specific genes in molecular testing?

<p>To detect and monitor the presence of a tumor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic structures are more definitive with respect to the presence of a tumor?

<p>Tumor-specific genetic structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of abnormalities are associated with the development of a tumor?

<p>Genome, chromosomal, or gene abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumors can have gene mutations and chromosomal translocations?

<p>Solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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