Molecular-Based Testing in Clinical Microbiology

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Molecular techniques are beneficial in the diagnosis of which infection?

Cholera

Tuberculosis

Chancroid

Syphilis (correct)

Why are molecular methods advisable for Haemophilus ducreyi?

Due to difficulties of culture and its low sensitivity (correct)

Due to high sensitivity of culture

Due to ease of virus growth

Due to high specificity of antibody detection

What is the primary benefit of molecular-based methods in virus detection?

Low sensitivity of antibody detection

Difficulty in growing and identifying viruses (correct)

High specificity of antigen detection

Ease of virus growth

What is the main purpose of the IgM test?

To diagnose the disease during onset Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgG antibodies?

To protect against further infection by the same virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of genotyping by sequence analysis?

To identify viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in clinical microbiology laboratories?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of preserving viability in specimen collection?

To maintain nucleic acid integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)?

To activate intracellular signaling pathways Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to inactivate inhibitors during sample preparation?

To remove acidic polysaccharides from sputum Signup and view all the answers

What are sensitivity and specificity in the context of molecular-based testing?

Measures of test performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using proper equipment in specimen collection?

To prevent contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of dislodged tumor cells from the original site to other locations?

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor is an adenoma?

Benign glandular tumor Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neoplasm arises from white blood cells?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clinical analysis in detecting metastasis?

To aid in treatment strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between leukemia and lymphoma?

The difference between them is not clear, as they can display similar symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by multiple cell types?

Teratocarcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of molecular epidemiology?

Genotypic analysis targeting genomic or plasmid DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PFGE in molecular epidemiology?

To compare DNA sequences of different isolates Signup and view all the answers

According to the Rule of Three, what does a PFGE pattern with 2-3 fragment differences indicate?

The test isolate is possibly related to the outbreak strain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease that sweeps across wide geographical areas?

Pandemic Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of genotype information in molecular epidemiology?

Species-, strain-, or type-specific DNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collection and analysis of environmental, microbiological, and clinical data?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutations are usually found in oncogenes?

Gain of function mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mutations in tumor suppressor genes?

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of targeting tissue-specific genes in molecular testing?

To detect and monitor the presence of a tumor Signup and view all the answers

What type of genetic structures are more definitive with respect to the presence of a tumor?

Tumor-specific genetic structures Signup and view all the answers

What type of abnormalities are associated with the development of a tumor?

Genome, chromosomal, or gene abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumors can have gene mutations and chromosomal translocations?

Solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas Signup and view all the answers