Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens Rules of Inference

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What is the term used in artificial intelligence for generating conclusions from evidence and facts?

Implication

Inference (correct)

Contrapositive

Converse

Which term describes the situation where the right-hand side proposition moves to the left-hand side and vice-versa?

Contrapositive

Inverse

Converse (correct)

Implication

What is the negation of the converse known as?

Contrapositive (correct)

Converse

Inverse

Implication

Which of the following is NOT a type of Inference rule?

Hypothesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the representation of logical connectives like 'if...then' in propositional logic?

(P → Q) (A) Signup and view all the answers

How are compound statements shown to be equivalent using truth tables?

By analyzing truth values (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Unification in logic?

To make two different logical atomic expressions identical (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what does the UNIFY algorithm do?

Returns a unifier for two atomic sentences (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the UNIFY algorithm fails to find a unifier for two atomic sentences?

It returns fail (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Unification rely on as part of the replacement process?

Finding a substitution (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is Unification related to First Order Inference (FOI) algorithms?

It is a key component of FOI algorithms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of applying a unifier to two atomic sentences using the UNIFY algorithm?

They become indistinguishable (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Modus Ponens state?

If P and P → Q are both true, then Q is true (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents Modus Tollens?

If P → Q is true and ¬Q is true, then ¬P is true (C) Signup and view all the answers

In Hypothetical Syllogism, what can be inferred when P → R and Q → R are both true?

P → R is true (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does Disjunctive Syllogism state?

If P ∨ Q is true and ¬P is true, then Q is false (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can you best describe the relationship between Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens?

They both deal with implications but in opposite directions (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of logical inference, what does the statement 'P→Q / P / ∴Q' represent?

Modus Ponens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combining declarative and procedural approaches in building an agent?

Increased efficiency in the agent's code (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which action does the 'TELL' function perform in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

Informs the knowledge base about the environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the generic KBA program do when it receives input percept?

Increments the counter by 1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA) utilize the 'ASK' function?

To query the knowledge base for a recommended action (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the counter 't' represent in the generic KBA program?

The number of sentences processed by the agent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Perform' action in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

To execute the selected action based on recommendations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a free variable in First Order Logic?

A variable that occurs outside the scope of a quantifier (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bound variable?

∀x [A (x) B( y)] (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is substitution in First Order Logic?

A complex operation in the presence of quantifiers (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is equality used in First Order Logic?

To denote that two terms refer to the same object (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation F[a/x] represent in First Order Logic?

Substitute constant 'a' for variable 'x' (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does First Order Logic use equality when comparing terms?

To show that two terms refer to the same object (B) Signup and view all the answers

Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens Rules of Inference

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used in artificial intelligence for generating conclusions from evidence and facts?

Which term describes the situation where the right-hand side proposition moves to the left-hand side and vice-versa?

What is the negation of the converse known as?

Which of the following is NOT a type of Inference rule?

What is the representation of logical connectives like 'if...then' in propositional logic?

How are compound statements shown to be equivalent using truth tables?

What is the purpose of Unification in logic?

In the example provided, what does the UNIFY algorithm do?

What happens if the UNIFY algorithm fails to find a unifier for two atomic sentences?

What does Unification rely on as part of the replacement process?

How is Unification related to First Order Inference (FOI) algorithms?

What is the outcome of applying a unifier to two atomic sentences using the UNIFY algorithm?

What does Modus Ponens state?

Which statement best represents Modus Tollens?

In Hypothetical Syllogism, what can be inferred when P → R and Q → R are both true?

What does Disjunctive Syllogism state?

How can you best describe the relationship between Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens?

In the context of logical inference, what does the statement 'P→Q / P / ∴Q' represent?

What is the benefit of combining declarative and procedural approaches in building an agent?

Which action does the 'TELL' function perform in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

What does the generic KBA program do when it receives input percept?

How does a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA) utilize the 'ASK' function?

What does the counter 't' represent in the generic KBA program?

What is the purpose of the 'Perform' action in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

What is a free variable in First Order Logic?

Which of the following is an example of a bound variable?

What is substitution in First Order Logic?

How is equality used in First Order Logic?

What does the equation F[a/x] represent in First Order Logic?

How does First Order Logic use equality when comparing terms?

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