Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens Rules of Inference

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used in artificial intelligence for generating conclusions from evidence and facts?

  • Implication
  • Inference (correct)
  • Contrapositive
  • Converse

Which term describes the situation where the right-hand side proposition moves to the left-hand side and vice-versa?

  • Contrapositive
  • Inverse
  • Converse (correct)
  • Implication

What is the negation of the converse known as?

  • Contrapositive (correct)
  • Converse
  • Inverse
  • Implication

Which of the following is NOT a type of Inference rule?

<p>Hypothesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the representation of logical connectives like 'if...then' in propositional logic?

<p>(P → Q) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are compound statements shown to be equivalent using truth tables?

<p>By analyzing truth values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Unification in logic?

<p>To make two different logical atomic expressions identical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example provided, what does the UNIFY algorithm do?

<p>Returns a unifier for two atomic sentences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the UNIFY algorithm fails to find a unifier for two atomic sentences?

<p>It returns fail (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Unification rely on as part of the replacement process?

<p>Finding a substitution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Unification related to First Order Inference (FOI) algorithms?

<p>It is a key component of FOI algorithms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of applying a unifier to two atomic sentences using the UNIFY algorithm?

<p>They become indistinguishable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Modus Ponens state?

<p>If P and P → Q are both true, then Q is true (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents Modus Tollens?

<p>If P → Q is true and ¬Q is true, then ¬P is true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hypothetical Syllogism, what can be inferred when P → R and Q → R are both true?

<p>P → R is true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Disjunctive Syllogism state?

<p>If P ∨ Q is true and ¬P is true, then Q is false (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you best describe the relationship between Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens?

<p>They both deal with implications but in opposite directions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of logical inference, what does the statement 'P→Q / P / ∴Q' represent?

<p>Modus Ponens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of combining declarative and procedural approaches in building an agent?

<p>Increased efficiency in the agent's code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action does the 'TELL' function perform in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

<p>Informs the knowledge base about the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the generic KBA program do when it receives input percept?

<p>Increments the counter by 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA) utilize the 'ASK' function?

<p>To query the knowledge base for a recommended action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the counter 't' represent in the generic KBA program?

<p>The number of sentences processed by the agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Perform' action in a Knowledge-Based Agent (KBA)?

<p>To execute the selected action based on recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a free variable in First Order Logic?

<p>A variable that occurs outside the scope of a quantifier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bound variable?

<p>∀x [A (x) B( y)] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is substitution in First Order Logic?

<p>A complex operation in the presence of quantifiers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is equality used in First Order Logic?

<p>To denote that two terms refer to the same object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the equation F[a/x] represent in First Order Logic?

<p>Substitute constant 'a' for variable 'x' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does First Order Logic use equality when comparing terms?

<p>To show that two terms refer to the same object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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