Module 8 Chapter 12: How Infants Perceive and Process Faces
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Questions and Answers

At what age does the preference for faces disappear in infants?

  • 2 months
  • 1 month (correct)
  • 4 months
  • 3 months

    • What happens to infants' interest in faces by the age of 3 months?

  • It is strengthened by their innate face-detecting brain mechanism.
  • It disappears completely.
  • It becomes influenced by experiences with faces as a social stimulus. (correct)
  • It is solely influenced by their dynamic characteristics.

    • How do 3-6 months old infants respond to faces compared to adults?

  • They respond differently depending on the species and orientation of the face, like adults. (correct)
  • They show a preference for scrambled faces.
  • They cannot distinguish between different species' faces.
  • They are more interested in the rest of the body rather than faces.

    • What advantage in face processing do infants show around 4 months of age?

    <p>Left visual field/right hemisphere advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cortical responses to faces as infants develop?

    <p>They become more localized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of infants attending to faces according to some researchers?

    <p>As a result of dynamic and interesting characteristics and contrasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of facial features do preferences for attractive female faces primarily rely on?

    <p>Internal facial configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of faces elicit preferences for attractiveness when upright?

    <p>Upright faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals prefer in terms of facial appearance?

    <p>Average facial configurations close to the prototype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might infants look longer at a less average female face when paired with a more average face?

    <p>Due to the less average face's oddity compared to the average face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does symmetry play in facial preference, according to the text?

    <p>Symmetry may play a part, but only sometimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of strangers do infants tend to avoid more, according to the text?

    <p>Unattractive strangers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What social response do infants show to attractive and unattractive female faces?

    <p>They show a differential response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can infants start categorizing some emotions?

    <p>3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do 12-month-olds react to attractive and unattractive faces based on stimuli?

    <p>They look longer at the attractive face with pleasant stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the maternal emotional environment affect an infant's ability to discriminate emotional expressions?

    <p>It accelerates the development of discrimination ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might infant girls be more advanced at compared to infant boys?

    <p>Emotional processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants start to show distinct neural responses to happy and fearful expressions?

    <p>7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants recognize their mother's face to the extent that they show more affect looking at it than a stranger's face?

    <p>1 month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do newborns of depressed mothers take longer to habituate to their mother's face?

    <p>They lack a preference for their mother's face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants recognize a profile view of a face and can recognize a face even after something is added or taken away from the face area?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants use to process and recognize faces, focusing on both individual features and the relationships among them?

    <p>Featural and configural information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does mirror self-recognition typically occur in infants?

    <p>18-24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants show a preference for looking at faces of their own gender?

    <p>Based on the sex of their primary caregiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes occur in infants from 4-5 months regarding their self-recognition?

    <p>They look longer at videos of others with facial features than videos of themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by infants using the right hemisphere more for recognizing faces at 4-5 months?

    <p>'The right hemisphere has become specialized for facial recognition.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Better recognition of female faces and those of their own race' occurs due to:

    <p>'Specialized brain system.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants begin to learn to categorize different types of emotions into 'positive' and 'negative' emotions?

    <p>10 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 7-month-old infants primarily categorize when it comes to facial expressions?

    <p>Happy faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants begin to use both features and expressions to categorize facial expressions?

    <p>8 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants show more positive behaviors in response to, according to the text?

    <p>Happy facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants begin to look at faces more, particularly focusing on the eyes?

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do infants begin to categorize familiar facial expressions earlier than others?

    <p>7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants at 3 months have difficulty with in terms of facial processing?

    <p>Recognizing facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do 6-month-old infants show an ability to recognize both human and monkey faces?

    <p>As a result of experience and exposure to different face types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what age do infants' discrimination abilities regarding faces become more specialized to humans?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of experience in infant face processing based on the text?

    <p>Infants' face perception gets more specialized based on exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of face perception do 9-month-old infants specialize in discriminating according to the text?

    <p>Human versus monkey faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of preferences for attractive female faces, according to the text?

    <p>Internal facial configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might infants look longer at a less average female face when paired with a more average face?

    <p>The oddity of the less average face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elicits differential social responses to strangers as infants age?

    <p>Facial attractiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does symmetry play in facial preference, according to the text?

    <p>Symmetry may play a part in facial preference, but only sometimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do individuals prefer in terms of facial attractiveness, according to the text?

    <p>Faces similar to the average prototype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants avoid unattractive strangers more, based on the text?

    <p>'Averageness' preferences from infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically show a preference for faces resurfacing after initially disappearing?

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In face processing, at what age do infants start showing a left visual field/right hemisphere advantage?

    <p>4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference observed in how 3-6 month-old infants respond to faces compared to adults?

    <p>They respond differently based on the orientation of the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do researchers explain infants' interest in faces as a social stimulus at 3 months of age?

    <p>As a behavior influenced by experiences with faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What development occurs in infants around 4-5 months related to self-recognition?

    <p>They show distinct neural responses to happy and fearful expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might infants show increased interest in faces at 2-3 months of age compared to 1 month?

    <p>Because of an increase in contrast sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 10-month-old infants begin to learn to categorize into 'positive' and 'negative' emotions?

    <p>Different types of emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants show more positive behaviors in response to happy facial expressions?

    <p>4-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 7-month-old infants primarily categorize when it comes to facial expressions?

    <p>'Positive' facial expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants at 8 months use both features and expressions to categorize facial expressions?

    <p>To enhance the categorization process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 4-month-old infants show more understanding of in terms of facial expressions?

    <p>'Positive' emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants show more negative behaviors in response to angry facial expressions?

    <p>4-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically recognize their mother's face to the extent that they show more affect looking at it than a stranger's face?

    <p>5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants show more rapid sucking when watching a video of their mother compared to a female stranger?

    <p>They have an evolved mechanism to ensure proximity with the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants begin to lateralize the use of the right hemisphere more than the left for recognizing faces?

    <p>4-5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cortical responses to faces as infants develop past 24 months?

    <p>Responses shift from novel faces to familiar faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants start recognizing a profile view of a face and can identify a face even after something has been added or removed from the facial area?

    <p>12-13 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might infants take longer to habituate to their depressed mother's face?

    <p>Because they do not recognize their mother when she is depressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 7-month-olds recognize based on frontal and ¾ views of a face?

    <p>'Faceness' better in frontal views</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Faceness' recognition is distinct from recognizing individual faces because:

    <p>'Faceness' involves generic facial features processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Faceness' recognition differs from processing individual faces in that it:

    <p>Concerns generic facial features rather than identity details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason for infants showing a preference for looking at female faces?

    <p>The increased exposure to female faces generally</p> Signup and view all the answers

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