Module 7: Launching the Nation

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Questions and Answers

What major event began in 1789 that significantly impacted France and the world?

The French Revolution began in 1789.

What was the significance of the Louisiana Purchase approved by the U.S. Senate in 1803?

The Louisiana Purchase expanded U.S. territory significantly and doubled the size of the nation.

Which leader was the first president of the United States, taking office in 1789?

George Washington became the first president of the United States in 1789.

What event occurred in 1793 during the French Revolution that demonstrated its radical nature?

<p>King Louis XVI was beheaded in 1793.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was elected president after George Washington in 1796?

<p>John Adams was elected president on December 7, 1796.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main differences in Hamilton's and Jefferson's views on the capabilities of the average citizen in making decisions for the country?

<p>Hamilton believed that the average citizen lacked the ability to make informed decisions and favored a strong central government, while Jefferson trusted citizens to participate in governance and supported a more agrarian society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Jefferson oppose the creation of the Bank of the United States?

<p>Jefferson opposed the Bank of the United States because he believed it concentrated too much power in the hands of a central government and feared it would benefit wealthy elites at the expense of ordinary citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the conflict between the United States and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory manifest during Washington's administration?

<p>The conflict manifested in violent confrontations as settlers encroached on Native American lands, leading to warfare and resistance against American expansion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Washington's stance on foreign policy during his presidency, particularly regarding neutrality?

<p>Washington advocated for a policy of neutrality, urging the nation to avoid entanglement in European conflicts, particularly the rising tensions between France and Great Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did the Whiskey Rebellion test Washington’s administration?

<p>The Whiskey Rebellion tested Washington's administration by challenging the federal authority to impose taxes, leading to a significant military response to demonstrate the government's power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the main objectives that President Washington wanted Ambassador Pinckney to achieve during his negotiations with the Spanish officials?

<p>Washington wanted Pinckney to reopen New Orleans to U.S. trade and secure the right of deposit for American boats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the right of deposit that Pinckney requested in New Orleans?

<p>The right of deposit allowed American boats to transfer goods in New Orleans without paying cargo fees, which facilitated trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Spanish minister Manuel de Godoy attempt to influence the negotiation process with Pinckney?

<p>Godoy tried to delay the agreement, hoping Pinckney would become desperate and agree to a treaty favorable to Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important agreement was reached in Pinckney's Treaty in October 1795?

<p>Pinckney's Treaty recognized the U.S. southern boundary as 31° north latitude and reopened the port of New Orleans to American ships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Washington and many Americans view Pinckney's Treaty as a successful compromise?

<p>They believed it opened up the frontier for further expansion and secured key trade routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concerns did Godoy have regarding a potential alliance between the United States and Great Britain?

<p>Godoy was worried that such an alliance could threaten Spanish interests and security in the region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did Pinckney demonstrate patience during the negotiation process?

<p>Pinckney remained persistent and did not rush into an unfavorable treaty despite Godoy's delaying tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Washington's stance on the use of American privateers to support France during their conflict with England?

<p>Washington opposed the use of American privateers as it violated U.S. neutrality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Jefferson's views on U.S. support for France differ from Hamilton's?

<p>Jefferson supported aiding France due to their past alliance, while Hamilton favored strengthening ties with Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did Edmond Genet take in relation to American privateers?

<p>Genet asked American sailors to assist France by commanding privateers against England.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Neutrality Proclamation issued by Washington aim to achieve?

<p>The Neutrality Proclamation aimed to keep the United States out of conflicts between foreign nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Jay's Treaty have on public sentiment in the United States?

<p>Jay's Treaty sparked protests throughout the United States, demonstrating public discontent with pro-British policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event marked the beginning of the French Revolution in relation to American sentiments?

<p>The storming of the Bastille in July 1789 marked the beginning of the French Revolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Treaty of Greenville contribute to U.S. neutrality?

<p>The Treaty of Greenville ended fighting in the Northwest Territory, stabilizing the region and supporting neutrality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Washington become president, marking the beginning of his attempts to maintain neutrality?

<p>Washington became president in April 1789.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Inference

A process of using prior knowledge and information from a text to make a logical conclusion.

Conclusion

A conclusion reached based on multiple inferences.

Disagreement

The disagreement or differences in opinion or ideas.

Financial Security

The system of managing the nation's money.

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Political Party

A group of people with similar political beliefs who work together.

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Neutrality

The act of not taking sides or participating in a conflict. It's like staying out of a fight between two friends.

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Neutrality Proclamation

The United States' official statement during the French Revolution, declaring that they will not take sides in European conflicts.

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Whiskey Rebellion

A revolt by American farmers against a whiskey tax imposed by the government. It challenged the authority of the new nation.

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French Revolution

A rebellion against the French monarchy in 1789. Inspired by the American Revolution, it led to the establishment of a republic.

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Privateers

Privately owned ships that operated like pirates, attacking and capturing enemy ships during wartime.

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Right of Deposit

The right for American boats to unload goods in New Orleans without paying cargo fees.

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Pinckney's Treaty

A treaty signed in 1795 between the United States and Spain that settled border and trade disputes.

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Manuel de Godoy

The Spanish minister who delayed reaching an agreement with the United States, hoping for better terms.

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Why did Washington want the US to remain neutral?

President Washington wanted the United States to remain neutral in conflicts between European nations. He believed that this would allow the young nation to focus on its own growth and development.

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What did Pinckney's Treaty accomplish?

This agreement recognized the 31° north latitude line as the southern boundary of the United States. It reopened the port of New Orleans to American ships and granted them the right of deposit.

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31° North Latitude

The 31° north latitude line that marked the southern boundary of the United States as recognized by Spain.

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Edmond Genet

The French representative to the United States who requested American sailors to assist France by commanding privateers against England.

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French Question

The conflict between France and Great Britain, marked by international tensions and the emergence of American neutrality.

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French Revolution and American Foreign Policy

The debate over the United States supporting France or Britain during the French Revolution. The debate caused a division between Jefferson, who favored France, and Hamilton, who leaned towards Britain.

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Jay's Treaty

The treaty negotiated by John Jay in 1794, aimed at resolving disputes with Britain, which sparked protests throughout the United States.

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The Treaty of Greenville

The treaty between the United States and the Western Confederacy of American Indian tribes, signed in 1795, ending fighting in the Northwest Territory.

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Study Notes

Module 7: Launching the Nation

  • This module details the early presidencies and their impact on the nation. It also discusses the origins of current traditions.

  • The essential question is: How did challenges and disagreements help shape the new nation?

What You Will Learn

  • Lesson 1: Washington Leads a New Nation. The major idea is that Washington and Congress established the new national government.

  • Lesson 2: Hamilton and National Finances. Treasury Secretary Hamilton developed a financial plan for the national government.

  • Lesson 3: Challenges for the New Nation. The United States faced significant foreign and domestic challenges under Washington.

  • Lesson 4: John Adams's Presidency. The development of political parties contributed to differing ideas about the federal government's role.

  • Lesson 5: Jefferson Becomes President. Jefferson's election began a new era in American government.

Timeline of Events (1785-1805)

  • 1789: George Washington becomes the first president. The French Revolution begins.

  • 1794: The Whiskey Rebellion begins in Pennsylvania.

  • 1795: Native American leaders sign the Treaty of Greenville.

  • 1796: John Adams is elected president.

  • 1799: George Washington dies. The Rosetta Stone is discovered in Egypt.

  • 1800: Thomas Jefferson is elected president.

  • 1803: US Senate approves the Louisiana Purchase.

  • 1804: Lewis and Clark expedition begins westward.

Reading Focus: Inferences about History

  • Good guesses are educated guesses based on prior knowledge. Inferences involve combining known information with the reading to make educated guesses.

You Try It!

  • Question 1: Two questions can be directly answered from the provided text, and one question requires an inference.

  • Question 2: Explaining why differing ideas on the importance of manufacturing exist uses information about geography and lifestyles

Lesson 1: Washington Leads a New Nation

  • The Big Idea: Washington and members of Congress established the new national government.

  • Main Ideas: Washington became the first US president in 1789, Congress and the president organized branches of government, people had high expectations for the new nation.

  • Key Terms and People: George Washington, electoral college, Martha Washington, precedent, Judiciary Act of 1789

Lesson 2: Hamilton and National Finances

  • The Big Idea: Alexander Hamilton developed a financial plan for the national government.

  • Key Ideas: Hamilton tackled national and state debt, Jefferson opposed Hamilton's views.

  • Key Terms and People: Alexander Hamilton, national debt, bonds, speculators, Thomas Jefferson, loose construction, strict construction, Bank of the United States

Lesson 3: Challenges for the New Nation

  • The Big Idea: The United States faced significant foreign and domestic challenges under Washington.

  • Key Ideas: The US tried to remain neutral in European events, conflicts arose between the US and Native Americans, the Whiskey Rebellion tested Washington's administration.

  • Key Terms and People: French Revolution, Neutrality Proclamation, privateers, Jay's Treaty, Pinckney's Treaty, Little Turtle, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville, Whiskey Rebellion

Lesson 4: John Adams's Presidency

  • The Big Idea: The development of political parties influenced ideas about the federal government.

  • Main Ideas: Political parties arose and competed in the election of 1796, the XYZ Affair created problems, there were controversies about the Alien and Sedition Acts.

  • Key Terms and People: Political Parties, Federalist Party, Democratic-Republican Party, XYZ affair, Alien and Sedition Acts, Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Lesson 5: Jefferson Becomes President

  • The Big Idea: Jefferson’s election marked a transition in power.

  • Main Ideas: The 1800 election marked the first peaceful transition in power, Jefferson's beliefs about the federal government are reflected in his policies, Marbury v. Madison increased the power of the judicial branch.

  • Key Terms and People: John Adams, Louisiana Purchase, Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, Sacagawea, John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, judicial review

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