Module 7: Emerging Technologies Overview
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Questions and Answers

There are 25,400,000 ______ in an inch.

nanometers

A sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 ______ thick.

nanometers

An atom has a diameter of about ______ nm.

0.1

Customization of ______ can allow drugs to be delivered directly to diseased cells.

<p>nanoparticles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nanotechnology can impact food science, including the way food is ______.

<p>packaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ is technology based on biology, focusing on cellular processes.

<p>Biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

In medicine, nanoparticles can reduce damage to healthy cells caused by ______.

<p>chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vehicle manufacturers benefit from lighter and stronger materials, leading to ______ vehicles.

<p>quicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hybrid cloud connects private clouds to ______ clouds.

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sudden expansion into the public cloud is known as ______ bursting.

<p>cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides management of servers and ______ development tools.

<p>web</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software as a Service (SaaS) allows access to ______-based apps through a web browser.

<p>cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

One advantage of cloud computing is that it offers ______ of scale, leading to cheaper computing power.

<p>economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Businesses can save on the electricity required to power and ______ their computing infrastructure.

<p>cool</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cloud providers can allocate resources like bandwidth and storage on a ______ scale.

<p>global</p> Signup and view all the answers

With cloud computing, a business can process its data more ______, increasing productivity.

<p>efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantum computers derive their computing power by harnessing the power of ______.

<p>quantum physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only organization providing a quantum computer in the ______ is IBM.

<p>cloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

A quantum bit is abbreviated as ______.

<p>qubit</p> Signup and view all the answers

In blockchain transactions, you will see ______ instead of a person's real identity.

<p>public address</p> Signup and view all the answers

A qubit can exist in ______ states at the same time.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Immutability means that once something has been entered into the blockchain, it cannot be ______.

<p>tampered with</p> Signup and view all the answers

The blockchain is built on a ______ hash function to ensure data security.

<p>cryptographic</p> Signup and view all the answers

With the addition of more qubits, a quantum computer becomes exponentially more ______.

<p>powerful</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantum computing could assist in the discovery of new ______ by analyzing complex chemical structures.

<p>drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sharing economy has seen success with companies like ______ and Airbnb.

<p>Uber</p> Signup and view all the answers

Crowdfunding initiatives like ______ are paving the way for the peer-to-peer economy.

<p>Kickstarter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Autonomic computing is patterned after the human body's autonomic ______ system.

<p>nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

One advantage of quantum computers is the ability to provide much safer ______ over the internet.

<p>encryption</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ cloud is typically used by businesses or organizations that want to keep their data private.

<p>private</p> Signup and view all the answers

Decentralized file storage on the internet protects files from being ______ or lost.

<p>hacked</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cloud computing, a ______ cloud allows anyone to subscribe to services offered by a third-party provider.

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic computing system would control the functioning of computer applications and systems without input from the ______.

<p>user</p> Signup and view all the answers

The goal of autonomic computing is to create systems that run themselves, capable of high-level functioning while keeping the system's complexity ______ to the user.

<p>invisible</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic system can self-configure at runtime to meet changing operating ______.

<p>environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic application/system should be able to detect and recover from potential problems and continue to function ______.

<p>smoothly</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic application/system should be capable of detecting and protecting its resources from both internal and external ______.

<p>attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic application/system should be aware of its execution ______ and be able to react to changes.

<p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic application/system must function in a heterogeneous world and should be portable across multiple hardware and software ______.

<p>architectures</p> Signup and view all the answers

An autonomic application/system should be able to detect suboptimal behaviors and optimize itself to improve its ______.

<p>execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveillance involves monitoring for ______, analyzing highway traffic, and monitoring pools for drowning victims.

<p>intruders</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fingerprint recognition and ______ are used for automatic access authentication and forensic applications.

<p>biometrics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Embedded systems are often based on ______ which are microprocessors with integrated memory and peripheral interfaces.

<p>microcontrollers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The advantages of embedded systems include easily customizable designs, low power consumption, low cost, and enhanced ______.

<p>performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

A digital signal processor (DSP) is a common standard class of dedicated ______ used in embedded systems.

<p>processors</p> Signup and view all the answers

The high development effort required is a disadvantage of ______ systems.

<p>embedded</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ______ measures the physical quantity and converts it to an electrical signal.

<p>sensor</p> Signup and view all the answers

An actuator compares the output given by the D-A Converter to the actual (expected) output ______ in it.

<p>stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nanometer

A unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a meter.

Nanoscale

The scale of measurement where objects are measured in nanometers. This is the realm of atoms and molecules.

Nanotechnology

The manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular level to create new materials and devices with unique properties.

Applications of Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology has various applications across different fields, including medicine, electronics, food, agriculture, and vehicle manufacturing.

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Biotechnology

Technology based on biology, utilizing cellular and biomolecular processes to develop products and solutions that benefit humans and the environment.

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Customized Nanoparticles

Tiny particles designed to deliver drugs directly to diseased cells in the body, minimizing damage to healthy cells.

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Nanotechnology in Food

Nanotechnology can improve food production, packaging, safety, and nutritional value.

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Nanotechnology in Vehicles

Nanotechnology can create lighter, stronger, and more efficient vehicle parts, improving performance and safety.

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Hybrid Cloud

A combination of private and public cloud services, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This approach offers flexibility and increased computing capacity when needed.

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Cloud Bursting

The sudden expansion of computing capacity to a public cloud when a business application experiences a surge in demand.

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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

A cloud computing model where users rent the entire infrastructure, including servers, storage, and networking, to manage their own applications and software.

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Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A cloud computing model where providers offer a complete development environment, including tools, frameworks, and libraries, for building and deploying applications without managing underlying infrastructure.

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

A cloud computing model where software applications are accessed over the internet, typically through a web browser, without the need for installation or maintenance.

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Economy of Scale in Cloud Computing

Businesses benefit from reduced costs due to sharing resources with other users. Cloud providers leverage economies of scale by distributing costs across many customers.

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Global Cloud Resources

Cloud providers source resources globally, allowing businesses to access bandwidth, storage, and computing power from various locations to meet specific needs.

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Benefits of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing offers advantages like reduced costs, increased efficiency, improved scalability, and easier access to data from multiple locations.

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Quantum Computer

A computer that uses quantum mechanics to perform calculations, offering significantly more processing power than traditional computers.

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Qubit

A unit of quantum information, unlike a classic bit which can be either 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a superposition of states, meaning it can be 0, 1, or a combination of both.

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Superposition (Quantum)

A state where a qubit can be 0, 1, or a combination of both simultaneously.

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Quantum Computing Power

The ability of a quantum computer to perform calculations exponentially faster than a traditional computer, due to the use of qubits.

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Autonomic Computing (AC)

A self-managing computing model inspired by the human body's autonomic nervous system, designed to address the complexities of software systems.

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Benefits of Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including drug discovery, financial modeling, and secure communication.

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How does Quantum Computing work?

Quantum computers use qubits, which can be in multiple states at once, enabling them to perform calculations much faster than traditional computers.

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What is the impact of Quantum Computing?

Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, finance, and materials science.

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Public Address

A unique, publicly visible identifier associated with a cryptocurrency wallet, used for sending and receiving transactions. While the public address doesn't reveal a user's real identity, all transactions made through it are transparent on the blockchain.

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Immutability (Blockchain)

A core principle of blockchain technology, meaning that once data is recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. This is due to the use of cryptographic hash functions, which generate unique and tamper-proof fingerprints for each block.

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Decentralization (Blockchain)

The blockchain is not controlled by a single entity, but shared across a network of computers. This eliminates reliance on a central authority, making it resistant to censorship and manipulation.

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Sharing Economy

A system where individuals or businesses share resources, assets, or services through online platforms. Examples include ride-sharing services like Uber and lodging rentals like Airbnb.

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Crowdfunding

A method of raising capital through small contributions from a large group of individuals, typically via online platforms. These platforms like Kickstarter and GoFundMe enable individuals to support projects or causes.

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Supply Chain Auditing

The use of blockchain technology to track the origin and history of products throughout their supply chain, ensuring transparency and accountability. This allows businesses to verify ethical claims and improve trust with consumers.

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File Storage (Decentralized)

Storing data on a distributed network of computers instead of relying on centralized servers. This enhances security and resilience by making it difficult to hack or lose data.

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Public Cloud

A type of cloud service where resources like servers, storage, and applications are provided by a third-party provider and accessible to anyone who subscribes. The provider manages the infrastructure, allowing users to pay only for what they use.

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Autonomic Computing

A system that manages itself without user intervention, like the human body's autonomic nervous system.

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Self-Awareness

An autonomic system's ability to understand its own state, capabilities, and limitations.

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Self-Configuring

An autonomic system adapts to changing environments and adjusts its settings accordingly.

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Self-Optimizing

An autonomic system constantly improves its performance by finding and fixing bottlenecks and inefficiencies.

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Self-Healing

An autonomic system can detect and recover from problems, preventing downtime and ensuring continuous operation.

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Self-Protecting

An autonomic system safeguards its resources from internal and external threats, maintaining security and integrity.

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Context-Aware

An autonomic system understands its surroundings and reacts accordingly to changes in the environment.

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Open

An autonomic system is built using standardized protocols and interfaces, making it compatible with various hardware and software systems.

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Embedded System

A specialized computer system designed for a specific task within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time constraints. It's integrated into the device's hardware and often includes mechanical parts.

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Microprocessor in Embedded Systems

The brain of an embedded system, responsible for processing data and controlling the system's operations. It can be a microcontroller (with integrated memory) or a general-purpose processor.

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Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

A specialized type of microprocessor designed for processing digital signals, often used in audio and video processing, communication systems, and other applications requiring real-time signal handling.

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Advantages of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems offer benefits such as customization, low power consumption, low cost, and enhanced performance. These features make them suitable for various applications.

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Disadvantages of Embedded Systems

Embedded systems often require a significant development effort, leading to longer time to market compared to other software solutions.

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Sensor in Embedded Systems

A device that measures a physical quantity (temperature, pressure, etc.) and converts it into an electrical signal that can be understood by the embedded system.

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A-D Converter

A component that converts analog signals (continuous values) from a sensor into digital signals (discrete values) that the processor can understand.

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Actuator in Embedded Systems

A device that takes a digital signal from the processor and converts it into a physical action, such as turning a motor, opening a valve, or activating a light.

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Study Notes

Module 7: Other Emerging Technologies

  • Emerging technologies include data science, artificial intelligence, internet of things, augmented reality, nanotechnology, biotechnology, blockchain technology, cloud and quantum computing, autonomic computing, computer vision, embedded systems, and 3D printing.

Learning Outcomes

  • Students will be able to explain nanotechnology and its applications in various sectors.
  • Students will be able to explain biotechnology and its applications in different sectors.
  • Students will be able to explain blockchain technology and its applications.
  • Students will gain insights into cloud, quantum, and autonomic computing, including differences and applications.
  • Students will be able to explain how computer vision works and its applications.
  • Students will identify and explain embedded systems, their pros and cons.

Nanotechnology

  • Nanotechnology is a branch of science, engineering, and technology that deals with the nanoscale (1-100 nanometers).
  • It involves the study and application of extremely small things across various scientific disciplines.
  • Nanoscale is one-billionth of a meter.
  • The concept was introduced by Richard Feynman in 1959.
  • Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology in the 1970s.
  • Advances in scanning tunneling microscopes in 1981 were crucial for the development of modern nanotechnology through observation of individual atoms.

Nanotechnology Applications

  • Medicine: Nanoparticles deliver drugs directly to diseased cells.
  • Electronics: Improvement in electronics devices with reduced weight and power consumption.
  • Food: Impact on food growth, packaging, safety.
  • Agriculture: Potential changes in handling, bundling, transportation, and waste treatment of agricultural products.
  • Vehicle manufacturing: Improvement in materials that create lighter and stronger materials.

Biotechnology

  • Biotechnology harnesses biological processes for developing technologies and products that benefit humankind.
  • Modern examples include specific biotechnology processes like genetic engineering.
  • Genetic engineering involves transferring genes between or modifying genes within organisms.
  • This technique was recognized with the development of vaccines (Edward Jenner) and antibiotics (Alexander Fleming), as well as fermentation processes.

Biotechnology Applications

  • Agriculture (Green Biotechnology): Modification of genes in crops to enhance pest/disease/weed resistance.
  • Medicine (Medicinal Biotechnology): Insulin production, gene therapy for genetic disorders.
  • Aquaculture and Fisheries: Genetically improving quantity and quality of fish through hormone injections.

Blockchain Technology

  • A blockchain is a time-stamped and immutable series of data blocks secured cryptographically.
  • Data is managed by multiple independent computers.
  • Each block holds information of transactions, date, time, and amounts, also including participants.
  • Blocks are linked to form a chain to prevent data alteration and for increased security.
  • The chain is verified/stored by many computers in a network. This process is required to confirm a transaction before it is added to the blockchain.

Blockchain Application

  • Sharing Economy: Examples include companies like Uber and Airbnb.
  • Crowdfunding: Initiatives like Kickstarter and GoFundMe.
  • Governance: Enabling organizational decision-making on blockchain networks.
  • Supply Chain Auditing Offering greater transparency in supply chain processes, confirming ethical claims of products.
  • File Storage Increasing data security by decentralizing file storage networks.

Cloud Computing

  • Cloud computing utilizes remote servers hosted on the internet.
  • Data and processes are not stored locally.
  • Public cloud: managed by third-party providers, subscriptions are common.
  • Private cloud: Companies manage their own servers in an on-site or third-party location.
  • Hybrid cloud: Combining public and private cloud systems.
  • Cloud computing benefits include cost savings from economies of scale and avoided capital investment.

Quantum Computing

  • Quantum computers leverage quantum physics for enhanced computing power, contrasting/outperforming classical computers.
  • Data units are qubits, exhibiting multiple/superimposed states simultaneously.
  • Qubits can hold more data than regular bits and could tackle sophisticated problems.

Autonomic Computing

  • Autonomic computing (AC) models itself on the human autonomic nervous system, controlling computations without user input.
  • It adapts to changing conditions without direct user intervention, performing functions such as configuration, optimization, recovery, and protection.

Computer Vision

  • Interdisciplinary field of making computers understand visual images.
  • Computer vision enables processes such as acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images.

Embedded Systems

  • Embedded systems are specialized controllers in a larger system or device.
  • They run specific functions within equipment or machines.
  • Embedded systems have real-time constraints and often incorporate hardware and mechanical parts.

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This quiz covers various emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, blockchain, cloud computing, and computer vision. Students will learn to explain their applications across different sectors. Gain a deeper understanding of the differences between cloud, quantum, and autonomic computing.

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