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Questions and Answers
What is a key characteristic of ribosomes?
What is a key characteristic of ribosomes?
Which component primarily makes up the plant cell wall?
Which component primarily makes up the plant cell wall?
What role do flagella play in cells?
What role do flagella play in cells?
Which structure is not found in prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is not found in prokaryotic cells?
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What do mitochondria primarily do?
What do mitochondria primarily do?
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Which of the following structures aids in adhesion and movement in prokaryotes?
Which of the following structures aids in adhesion and movement in prokaryotes?
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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What component surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
What component surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
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Which of the following structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
What is the primary role of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding plasma membranes?
Which of the following statements is true regarding plasma membranes?
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What function do ribosomes serve in the cell?
What function do ribosomes serve in the cell?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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In which type of cell do all chemical processes occur directly in the cytoplasm?
In which type of cell do all chemical processes occur directly in the cytoplasm?
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What are microtubules responsible for within the cytoskeleton?
What are microtubules responsible for within the cytoskeleton?
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During which cellular process are centrioles particularly important?
During which cellular process are centrioles particularly important?
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What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Which statement accurately describes vacuoles in plant cells?
Which statement accurately describes vacuoles in plant cells?
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Which organelle is involved in the initial step of protein synthesis?
Which organelle is involved in the initial step of protein synthesis?
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Which of the following structures is NOT typically found in animal cells?
Which of the following structures is NOT typically found in animal cells?
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What role do lysosomes play in the cell?
What role do lysosomes play in the cell?
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What is the primary pigment found in thylakoids of chloroplasts?
What is the primary pigment found in thylakoids of chloroplasts?
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Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for transport within the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for transport within the cell?
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Study Notes
Module 7: Cell Structure and Function
- Module covers cell structure and function
- Presented by Br. Farhan Kamili
Build to Performance Expectations
- HS-LS1-1: DNA structure determines protein structure, which carries out life's essential functions in specialized cells
- HS-LS1-5: Photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy (illustrated via a model)
- HS-LS3-1: Clarify the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding instructions for traits from parents to offspring
- HS-LS1-3: Investigate evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis, focusing on osmosis
Lesson 4: Cell Structures and Organelles
- Focus Question: Structures and functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
New Vocabulary
- cytoplasm
- cytoskeleton
- centriole
- cilium
- flagellum
- cell wall
- mitochondrion
- chloroplast
- ribosome
- nucleolus
- endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- vacuole
- lysosome
Moving into the cell
- Discussion of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell interiors compared to the exteriors (plasma membrane and cellular transport methods).
- Prokaryotes and eukaryotes have different internal structures and organelles, although they share some similarities.
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
- Visual representation comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, illustrating differences and commonalities in components
Common structures between cell types
- Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share some common structures
- All prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and ribosomes.
- Some eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain cell walls.
Common structures - Plasma membrane
- This slide discussed plasma membrane, a topic already covered in another section.
Common structures - Cytoplasm
- Cytoplasm (a semifluid substance) is the site of all chemical reactions in prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes have organelles within their cytoplasm that carry out these reactions.
Common structures - Cytoskeleton
- The cytoskeleton supports and shapes the cell. Its components include microtubules, microfilaments (also known as actin filaments), and centrioles.
- Microtubules are hollow and form a rigid skeleton.
- Microfilaments provide shape and enable movement
- Centrioles are important during cell division.
Common structures - Ribosomes
- Ribosomes manufacture proteins—the cell's workers.
- Unlike other organelles, ribosomes are not membrane-bound.
- Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.
Common structures - Cell wall
- All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes have cell walls,
- Cell walls are thick, rigid meshes surrounding plasma membranes.
- Plant cell walls contain cellulose ; prokaryotic walls contain peptidoglycans.
Common structures – Flagella
- Flagella are external structures made of microtubules.
- Used for movement.
- Present in both prokaryotes and some eukaryotes.
- Eukaryotes also have cilia, which aid in movement.
Prokaryote Structures
- Some prokaryotes also have pili (filament structures) and capsules (a carbohydrate covering).
- Capsules aid in adhesion, movement, and DNA transfer.
- Pili help with attachment and movement.
Eukaryote Structures
- Eukaryotes have other membrane-bound organelles besides those already mentioned.
Nucleus – Controlling Cell Activities
- The nucleus contains most of the cell's DNA, which stores information to create proteins. This is essential for cell growth, function, and reproduction.
- The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear envelope.
Mitochondria – Processing Energy
- Mitochondria convert sugar particles into ATP (usable energy).
- They have an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane that maximises surface area for breaking down sugar bonds.
Chloroplasts – Processing Energy
- Chloroplasts are in plant cells and some other eukaryotes.
- Capture light energy and convert to chemical energy via photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts contain thylakoids that contain chlorophyll.
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Manufacturing Proteins
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane system of sacs and channels.
- Involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
- Includes Rough ER (site of protein production) and Smooth ER (site of carbohydrate and lipid production).
Golgi Apparatus – Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules
- The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
- Using vesicles, proteins are transported to other parts of the cell.
Vacuole – Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules
- Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs involved in storage (food, enzymes, waste).
- Often larger in plants than in animal cells.
Lysosomes – Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down excess or damaged organelles and foreign substances.
Comparing Cells
- Only plant cells have chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cell walls.
Organelles at Work
- Knowledge of organelle functions provides increased understanding of cellular processes
- The process of protein synthesis and distribution across organelles is discussed.
Do Nows/TWS (Multiple Choice Questions)
- Series of questions about cell structures, their features, and locations in various cell types.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential concepts of cell structure and function, including organelles, the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the role of DNA in determining traits. Dive deep into the mechanisms of photosynthesis and homeostasis, and test your knowledge on key vocabulary related to cellular components.
