Module 6MMC0002: Heart Muscle and Vascular Disorders Quiz

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What is the primary focus of Dr. Luigi Gnudi's expertise?

Cardiovascular Surgery
Pediatric Dentistry
Orthopedic Medicine
Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine (correct)

Which department does Dr. Luigi Gnudi belong to at King’s College London?

Neurology and Psychiatry
Oncology and Radiology
Endocrinology and Diabetes (correct)
Dermatology and Immunology

What is the module title for the course taught by Dr. Luigi Gnudi?

Neurological Disorders and Brain Health
Heart muscle and vascular Disorders (correct)
Respiratory Diseases and Allergies
Gastrointestinal Disorders

What is the development and progression of type 2 diabetes related to?

Insulin resistance, Hepatic glucose production, Insulin level, Beta-cell function (B) Signup and view all the answers

From which source was the text adapted?

Primary Care, 26, Ramlo-Halsted BA, Edelman SV (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of superoxide that activates the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) pathway?

Mitochondria (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle within the cell is likely to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease?

Mitochondria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chronic irreversible change associated with hyperglycemia-induced complications?

Abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What activates the diacylglycerol and Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway in the context of hyperglycemia-induced complications?

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ROS underproduction, particularly superoxide, in the context of diabetic kidney disease?

Mitochondrial dysfunction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the national goal related to pregnancy mortality by 2030?

Reduce stillbirths, neonatal and maternal deaths by 50% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which publication discusses cardiac disease and pregnancy risk stratification tools?

Balci A, et al. Heart. 2014 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the module taught by Dr. Luigi Gnudi?

Mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of the pre-pregnancy assessment mentioned in the text?

Cardiovascular risk stratification (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the national initiative mentioned in the text?

Eliminate pregnancy-related mortality (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cardiac conditions are discussed as part of the pre-pregnancy assessment?

Cardiomyopathies and channelopathies (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the publication by Mehta L, et al.?

Inequalities in pregnancy outcomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the modified WHO classification used for?

Assessing maternal cardiovascular risk (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the quiz mentioned in the text?

Evaluate risk stratification tools for cardiac disease in pregnancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the overarching goal of the care provided to pregnant women with cardiac conditions as mentioned in the text?

Minimize mortality and morbidity for both mother and fetus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary effects of neurohormonal changes in patients with cardiac dysfunction?

Arterial constriction, venous constriction, and increased blood volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome measured in the PARADIGM HF study for sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696)?

Composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range in which Jhund et al. showed similar effects of sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696) as seen in the primary outcome of the PARADIGM HF study?

75-80 years (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to NICE guidelines, when is sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696) recommended for use?

NYHA II-IV, LVEF <40% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of cardiac dysfunction on compensatory mechanisms over time?

It worsens cardiac output (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical ejection fraction percentage in heart failure patients?

40% (D) Signup and view all the answers

In heart failure patients, what happens to the ejection fraction during exercise?

It increases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of heart failure?

Myocardial contractility (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main determinant of stroke volume (SV)?

Preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of contractility in the context of heart failure?

Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) (B) Signup and view all the answers