30 Questions
What is the primary focus of Dr. Luigi Gnudi's expertise?
Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine
Which department does Dr. Luigi Gnudi belong to at King’s College London?
Endocrinology and Diabetes
What is the module title for the course taught by Dr. Luigi Gnudi?
Heart muscle and vascular Disorders
What is the development and progression of type 2 diabetes related to?
Insulin resistance, Hepatic glucose production, Insulin level, Beta-cell function
From which source was the text adapted?
Primary Care, 26, Ramlo-Halsted BA, Edelman SV
What is the main source of superoxide that activates the poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) pathway?
Mitochondria
Which organelle within the cell is likely to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease?
Mitochondria
Which of the following is a chronic irreversible change associated with hyperglycemia-induced complications?
Abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation
What activates the diacylglycerol and Protein Kinase C (PKC) pathway in the context of hyperglycemia-induced complications?
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
What is the consequence of ROS underproduction, particularly superoxide, in the context of diabetic kidney disease?
Mitochondrial dysfunction
What is the national goal related to pregnancy mortality by 2030?
Reduce stillbirths, neonatal and maternal deaths by 50%
Which publication discusses cardiac disease and pregnancy risk stratification tools?
Balci A, et al. Heart. 2014
What is the focus of the module taught by Dr. Luigi Gnudi?
Mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease
What is the primary concern of the pre-pregnancy assessment mentioned in the text?
Cardiovascular risk stratification
What is the ultimate goal of the national initiative mentioned in the text?
Eliminate pregnancy-related mortality
Which type of cardiac conditions are discussed as part of the pre-pregnancy assessment?
Cardiomyopathies and channelopathies
What is the main focus of the publication by Mehta L, et al.?
Inequalities in pregnancy outcomes
What is the modified WHO classification used for?
Assessing maternal cardiovascular risk
What is the primary purpose of the quiz mentioned in the text?
Evaluate risk stratification tools for cardiac disease in pregnancy
What is the overarching goal of the care provided to pregnant women with cardiac conditions as mentioned in the text?
Minimize mortality and morbidity for both mother and fetus
What are the primary effects of neurohormonal changes in patients with cardiac dysfunction?
Arterial constriction, venous constriction, and increased blood volume
What is the primary outcome measured in the PARADIGM HF study for sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696)?
Composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization
What is the age range in which Jhund et al. showed similar effects of sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696) as seen in the primary outcome of the PARADIGM HF study?
75-80 years
According to NICE guidelines, when is sacubitril valsartan (LCZ696) recommended for use?
NYHA II-IV, LVEF <40%
What is the primary effect of cardiac dysfunction on compensatory mechanisms over time?
It worsens cardiac output
What is the typical ejection fraction percentage in heart failure patients?
40%
In heart failure patients, what happens to the ejection fraction during exercise?
It increases
What is the primary cause of heart failure?
Myocardial contractility
What is the main determinant of stroke volume (SV)?
Preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload
What is the measure of contractility in the context of heart failure?
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)
Test your knowledge on the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and its relation to the cardiovascular system in the context of Module 6MMC0002: Heart Muscle and Vascular Disorders at King’s College London.
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