Diabetes Diagnosis and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
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What is the recommended method for diagnosing diabetes?

  • Using an OGTT only
  • Using only HbA1c
  • Using only fasting plasma glucose
  • Using HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose, or on an OGTT if still in doubt (correct)

    • In patients with T2DM, what is the recommended method for estimating 10-year CVD risk?

  • Using European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Risk Charts
  • Using Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation
  • Using SCORE2-Diabetes (correct)
  • Using Framingham Risk Score

    • What is the recommended goal for individuals living with overweight or obesity to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile?

  • Follow a low-fat diet
  • Reduce weight and increase physical exercise (correct)
  • Increase physical exercise only
  • Reduce weight only

    • What type of diet is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of physical activity for patients with T2DM?

    <p>At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise is recommended in addition to endurance exercise in patients with T2DM?

    <p>Resistance exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with T2DM and established CVD, what is the recommended type of exercise training to improve metabolic control and exercise capacity?

    <p>Structured exercise training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to screen for in patients with diabetes?

    <p>The presence of severe TOD and medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of screening for diabetes in individuals with CVD?

    <p>To diagnose diabetes based on fasting glucose and/or HbA1c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is recommended for patients with T2DM to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile?

    <p>Aiming to reduce weight and increasing physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM and established CVD to improve metabolic control and exercise capacity?

    <p>Introduced structured exercise training and resistance exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Assessing medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM to improve exercise capacity and quality of life?

    <p>Introduced structured exercise training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM and associated comorbidities?

    <p>Adapting exercise interventions to T2DM-associated comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM to reduce CV events?

    <p>Introduced structured exercise training and resistance exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM to improve metabolic control?

    <p>Introduced structured exercise training and resistance exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with diabetes to assess cardiovascular risk?

    <p>Assessing medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for patients with T2DM to reduce cardiovascular risk?

    <p>Adopting a Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for diagnosing diabetes?

    <p>Fasting glucose and/or HbA1c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is recommended to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Screening for severe TOD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended goal for weight reduction in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Reduce weight and increase physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exercise is recommended for patients with T2DM and associated comorbidities?

    <p>Structured exercise training adapted to T2DM-associated comorbidities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of resistance exercise in patients with T2DM?

    <p>At least twice a week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of daily walking in patients with T2DM?

    <p>At least 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended type of diet to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes?

    <p>Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weekly activity for patients with T2DM to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile?

    <p>150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous endurance intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of screening for diabetes in individuals with CVD?

    <p>To diagnose diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with T2DM and established CVD, what is the recommended type of exercise training to improve exercise capacity and quality of life?

    <p>Structured exercise training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diagnosis of Diabetes

    • Screening for diabetes is recommended in all individuals with CVD, using fasting glucose and/or HbA1c.
    • Diagnosis of diabetes should be based on HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose, or on an OGTT if still in doubt.

    Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes

    • Patients with diabetes should be screened for the presence of severe TOD.
    • Medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD should be assessed in patients with diabetes.
    • In patients with T2DM without symptomatic ASCVD or severe TOD, 10-year CVD risk should be estimated via SCORE2-Diabetes.

    Weight Reduction in Patients with Diabetes

    • Individuals with diabetes and overweight or obesity should aim to reduce weight and increase physical exercise to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile.

    Nutrition in Patients with Diabetes

    • Adopting a Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk.

    Physical Activity/Exercise in Patients with Diabetes

    • Increasing physical activity (e.g., 10 min daily walking) is recommended in all patients with T2DM with and without CVD.
    • Optimal physical activity is a weekly activity of 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous endurance intensity.
    • Exercise interventions should be adapted to T2DM-associated comorbidities, e.g., frailty, neuropathy, or retinopathy.
    • Structured exercise training is recommended in patients with T2DM and established CVD to improve metabolic control, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and to reduce CV events.
    • Resistance exercise should be performed in addition to endurance exercise at least twice a week.

    Smoking Cessation in Patients with Diabetes

    • Smoking cessation is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk.

    Glycaemic Targets

    • Tight glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) is recommended.

    Diagnosis of Diabetes

    • Screening for diabetes is recommended in all individuals with CVD, using fasting glucose and/or HbA1c.
    • Diagnosis of diabetes should be based on HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose, or on an OGTT if still in doubt.

    Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes

    • Patients with diabetes should be screened for the presence of severe TOD.
    • Medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD should be assessed in patients with diabetes.
    • In patients with T2DM without symptomatic ASCVD or severe TOD, 10-year CVD risk should be estimated via SCORE2-Diabetes.

    Weight Reduction in Patients with Diabetes

    • Individuals with diabetes and overweight or obesity should aim to reduce weight and increase physical exercise to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile.

    Nutrition in Patients with Diabetes

    • Adopting a Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk.

    Physical Activity/Exercise in Patients with Diabetes

    • Increasing physical activity (e.g., 10 min daily walking) is recommended in all patients with T2DM with and without CVD.
    • Optimal physical activity is a weekly activity of 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous endurance intensity.
    • Exercise interventions should be adapted to T2DM-associated comorbidities, e.g., frailty, neuropathy, or retinopathy.
    • Structured exercise training is recommended in patients with T2DM and established CVD to improve metabolic control, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and to reduce CV events.
    • Resistance exercise should be performed in addition to endurance exercise at least twice a week.

    Smoking Cessation in Patients with Diabetes

    • Smoking cessation is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk.

    Glycaemic Targets

    • Tight glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) is recommended.

    Diagnosis of Diabetes

    • Screening for diabetes is recommended in all individuals with CVD, using fasting glucose and/or HbA1c.
    • Diagnosis of diabetes should be based on HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose, or on an OGTT if still in doubt.

    Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Diabetes

    • Patients with diabetes should be screened for the presence of severe TOD.
    • Medical history and symptoms suggestive of ASCVD should be assessed in patients with diabetes.
    • In patients with T2DM without symptomatic ASCVD or severe TOD, 10-year CVD risk should be estimated via SCORE2-Diabetes.

    Weight Reduction in Patients with Diabetes

    • Individuals with diabetes and overweight or obesity should aim to reduce weight and increase physical exercise to improve metabolic control and overall CVD risk profile.

    Nutrition in Patients with Diabetes

    • Adopting a Mediterranean or plant-based diet with high unsaturated fat content is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk.

    Physical Activity/Exercise in Patients with Diabetes

    • Increasing physical activity (e.g., 10 min daily walking) is recommended in all patients with T2DM with and without CVD.
    • Optimal physical activity is a weekly activity of 150 min of moderate intensity or 75 min of vigorous endurance intensity.
    • Exercise interventions should be adapted to T2DM-associated comorbidities, e.g., frailty, neuropathy, or retinopathy.
    • Structured exercise training is recommended in patients with T2DM and established CVD to improve metabolic control, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and to reduce CV events.
    • Resistance exercise should be performed in addition to endurance exercise at least twice a week.

    Smoking Cessation in Patients with Diabetes

    • Smoking cessation is recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk.

    Glycaemic Targets

    • Tight glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7%) is recommended.

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    Description

    Learn about the recommendations for diagnosing diabetes, screening for cardiovascular risk, and assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.

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