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Questions and Answers
How many River Basins does the Philippines have?
How many River Basins does the Philippines have?
What is the primary goal of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?
What is the primary goal of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?
Which agency is mandated to lead the implementation of the Clean Water Act?
Which agency is mandated to lead the implementation of the Clean Water Act?
What is the purpose of DENR Administrative Order No. 34 Series of 1990?
What is the purpose of DENR Administrative Order No. 34 Series of 1990?
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What are the classes of fresh surface water in the Philippines?
What are the classes of fresh surface water in the Philippines?
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What is the classification of water suitable for public water supply Class I?
What is the classification of water suitable for public water supply Class I?
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What is the classification of water suitable for recreational use Class I?
What is the classification of water suitable for recreational use Class I?
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What are the primary parameters of water quality?
What are the primary parameters of water quality?
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What is the Philippine national standard for drinking water?
What is the Philippine national standard for drinking water?
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When was the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water established?
When was the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water established?
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What is the primary purpose of water treatment systems?
What is the primary purpose of water treatment systems?
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Which type of water source is more likely to have high turbidity?
Which type of water source is more likely to have high turbidity?
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What is the purpose of rapid mixing and coagulation in surface water treatment systems?
What is the purpose of rapid mixing and coagulation in surface water treatment systems?
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Which type of water source is more likely to have low mineral content?
Which type of water source is more likely to have low mineral content?
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What is the primary difference between primary and secondary sedimentation in surface water treatment systems?
What is the primary difference between primary and secondary sedimentation in surface water treatment systems?
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Large cities typically rely on which type of water source?
Large cities typically rely on which type of water source?
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What is the purpose of grit removal in surface water treatment systems?
What is the purpose of grit removal in surface water treatment systems?
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What is the primary focus of groundwater treatment systems?
What is the primary focus of groundwater treatment systems?
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What is the primary purpose of the door-to-door waste collection technique?
What is the primary purpose of the door-to-door waste collection technique?
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What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from residential sources?
What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from residential sources?
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Which type of waste makes up about half of the biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?
Which type of waste makes up about half of the biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?
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What is the role of junkshops in the waste management system?
What is the role of junkshops in the waste management system?
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What is the percentage of recyclable waste in municipal solid waste?
What is the percentage of recyclable waste in municipal solid waste?
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What is the main goal of composting in the context of waste management?
What is the main goal of composting in the context of waste management?
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What percentage of compostable waste comes from leaves and twigs?
What percentage of compostable waste comes from leaves and twigs?
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What is the purpose of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)?
What is the purpose of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)?
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What is the difference between large-scale and small-scale composting?
What is the difference between large-scale and small-scale composting?
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What is the range of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?
What is the range of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?
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What type of waste disposal site lacks engineering measures and pollution control systems?
What type of waste disposal site lacks engineering measures and pollution control systems?
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What is the primary purpose of recycling in waste management?
What is the primary purpose of recycling in waste management?
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What is the primary purpose of the impermeable liners in Sanitary Landfills?
What is the primary purpose of the impermeable liners in Sanitary Landfills?
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What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from industrial sources?
What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from industrial sources?
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What is the percentage of special wastes in municipal solid waste?
What is the percentage of special wastes in municipal solid waste?
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What is the term for the final disposal of solid waste in landfills?
What is the term for the final disposal of solid waste in landfills?
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What was the deadline for phasing out controlled dumps in favor of Sanitary Landfills?
What was the deadline for phasing out controlled dumps in favor of Sanitary Landfills?
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What is the percentage of residuals in municipal solid waste?
What is the percentage of residuals in municipal solid waste?
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What aspect of waste management does a Sanitary Landfill exert control over?
What aspect of waste management does a Sanitary Landfill exert control over?
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What is the purpose of establishing MRFs in every barangay or cluster of barangays?
What is the purpose of establishing MRFs in every barangay or cluster of barangays?
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How many Sanitary Landfills existed in the country prior to 2004?
How many Sanitary Landfills existed in the country prior to 2004?
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In which city is one of the four Sanitary Landfills located?
In which city is one of the four Sanitary Landfills located?
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What sections of RA 9003 provide criteria for Sanitary Landfills?
What sections of RA 9003 provide criteria for Sanitary Landfills?
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What is the main difference between a controlled dump and a sanitary landfill?
What is the main difference between a controlled dump and a sanitary landfill?
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Study Notes
Water Quality Management in the Philippines
- The Philippines has 421 river basins and 18 major river basins.
- The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources.
- The DENR is the lead agency mandated by the Clean Water Act to implement the law, develop policies, and guidelines.
Water Quality Standards
- Fresh surface water is classified into 5 classes:
- Class AA: Public Water Supply Class I
- Class A: Public Water Supply Class II
- Class B: Recreational Water Class I
- Class C: Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class II, Industrial Water Supply Class I
- Class D: Industrial Water Supply Class II
- Coastal and marine water is classified into 4 classes:
- Class SA: Reserves under Presidential Proclamation No. 1801
- Class SB: Recreational Water Class I, Fishery Water Class I (spawning areas for chanos or bangus)
- Class SC: Recreational Water Class II, Fishery Water Class II
- Class SD: Industrial Water Supply Class II
Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water
- Potable water is water that can be consumed in any measured amount without concern for adverse health effects.
- Groundwater sources:
- Pumped from wells drilled into aquifers
- Quantity and quality depend on the type of geological formation
- Constant composition, low turbidity, high hardness, no dissolved oxygen, no color, high mineral content
- Surface water sources:
- Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs
- Varying composition, high turbidity, low hardness, dissolved oxygen, tastes and odors, color, low mineral content
Water Treatment Systems
- Purpose: to bring raw water up to drinking water quality
- Surface water treatment systems:
- Screening and grit removal
- Primary sedimentation (settling or clarification)
- Rapid mixing and coagulation
- Flocculation
- Secondary sedimentation (settling)
Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Sources of municipal solid waste:
- Residential (57.6%)
- Commercial (27.1%)
- Institutional (12.1%)
- Industrial sources (4.1%)
- Composition of municipal solid waste:
- Biodegradable wastes (52.31%): kitchen or food waste, compostable waste (86.2% from food scraps, 13.8% from leaves and twigs)
- Recyclable wastes (27.78%): plastic packaging materials (38%), paper and cardboard waste (31%), metals, glass, textile, leather, and rubber (31%)
- Special wastes (1.93%): household healthcare waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment, bulky waste, and other hazardous waste
- Residuals (17.98%): disposable waste and inert materials
Waste Collection Techniques
- Door-to-door collection: waste materials are collected in every house within a target area to recover recyclables and biodegradables
- Block or communal collection: MRFs in barangays that are within or near the targeted collection area
Treatment and Disposal
- Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) establishment in every barangay or cluster of barangays
- Composting: meet the mandatory waste diversion requirements, done in compost pits, tire towers, coconut shell stack, bottomless bins, clay pots, and plastic sacks
- Recycling: component of an MRF or established as a stand-alone processing facility
- Disposal: refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste into or on any land
- Disposal sites:
- Dumpsites: raw, open spaces designated as local disposal areas without engineering measures and pollution control systems
- Sanitary Landfills (SLFs): waste disposal facilities with impermeable liners to prevent liquid discharges from polluting ground and surface waters
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Description
This quiz covers the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 and its goals to protect the country's water bodies from pollution. It also discusses the importance of water quality management.
