Module 6: Water Quality Management
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Questions and Answers

How many River Basins does the Philippines have?

  • 421 (correct)
  • 450
  • 500
  • 400

    • What is the primary goal of the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004?

  • To reduce pollution from land-based sources (correct)
  • To increase water supply for industrial use
  • To monitor water quality only
  • To promote recreational activities in water bodies

    • Which agency is mandated to lead the implementation of the Clean Water Act?

  • Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) (correct)
  • Department of Health
  • Department of Agriculture
  • Department of Public Works and Highways

    • What is the purpose of DENR Administrative Order No. 34 Series of 1990?

    <p>To revise water usage and classification criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the classes of fresh surface water in the Philippines?

    <p>AA, A, B, C, D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of water suitable for public water supply Class I?

    <p>Class AA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of water suitable for recreational use Class I?

    <p>Class SB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary parameters of water quality?

    <p>Physical, chemical, and biological parameters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Philippine national standard for drinking water?

    <p>Water that can be consumed in any measured amount without concern for adverse health effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water established?

    <p>2007</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of water treatment systems?

    <p>To bring raw water up to drinking water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water source is more likely to have high turbidity?

    <p>Surface water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rapid mixing and coagulation in surface water treatment systems?

    <p>To encourage suspended particles to collide and adhere into larger particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of water source is more likely to have low mineral content?

    <p>Surface water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between primary and secondary sedimentation in surface water treatment systems?

    <p>Type of particles removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Large cities typically rely on which type of water source?

    <p>Surface water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of grit removal in surface water treatment systems?

    <p>To remove sand and grit that may damage equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of groundwater treatment systems?

    <p>Removal of dissolved inorganic contaminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the door-to-door waste collection technique?

    <p>To recover recyclables and biodegradables for reuse or composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from residential sources?

    <p>57.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of waste makes up about half of the biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?

    <p>Food scraps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of junkshops in the waste management system?

    <p>To buy recyclables from households and sell them to recyclers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of recyclable waste in municipal solid waste?

    <p>27.78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of composting in the context of waste management?

    <p>To meet the mandatory waste diversion requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of compostable waste comes from leaves and twigs?

    <p>13.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)?

    <p>To recover recyclables and biodegradables for reuse or composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between large-scale and small-scale composting?

    <p>Scale of composting operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste?

    <p>30% to 78%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waste disposal site lacks engineering measures and pollution control systems?

    <p>Dumpsites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of recycling in waste management?

    <p>To recover recyclables for reuse or resale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the impermeable liners in Sanitary Landfills?

    <p>To prevent liquid discharges from polluting ground and surface waters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of municipal solid waste comes from industrial sources?

    <p>4.1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of special wastes in municipal solid waste?

    <p>1.93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the final disposal of solid waste in landfills?

    <p>Disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the deadline for phasing out controlled dumps in favor of Sanitary Landfills?

    <p>2006</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of residuals in municipal solid waste?

    <p>17.98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of waste management does a Sanitary Landfill exert control over?

    <p>Significant potential environmental impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing MRFs in every barangay or cluster of barangays?

    <p>To recover recyclables and biodegradables for reuse or composting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Sanitary Landfills existed in the country prior to 2004?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which city is one of the four Sanitary Landfills located?

    <p>Cebu City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sections of RA 9003 provide criteria for Sanitary Landfills?

    <p>Sections 40 to 42</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a controlled dump and a sanitary landfill?

    <p>Engineering measures and pollution control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water Quality Management in the Philippines

    • The Philippines has 421 river basins and 18 major river basins.
    • The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources.
    • The DENR is the lead agency mandated by the Clean Water Act to implement the law, develop policies, and guidelines.

    Water Quality Standards

    • Fresh surface water is classified into 5 classes:
      • Class AA: Public Water Supply Class I
      • Class A: Public Water Supply Class II
      • Class B: Recreational Water Class I
      • Class C: Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class II, Industrial Water Supply Class I
      • Class D: Industrial Water Supply Class II
    • Coastal and marine water is classified into 4 classes:
      • Class SA: Reserves under Presidential Proclamation No. 1801
      • Class SB: Recreational Water Class I, Fishery Water Class I (spawning areas for chanos or bangus)
      • Class SC: Recreational Water Class II, Fishery Water Class II
      • Class SD: Industrial Water Supply Class II

    Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water

    • Potable water is water that can be consumed in any measured amount without concern for adverse health effects.
    • Groundwater sources:
      • Pumped from wells drilled into aquifers
      • Quantity and quality depend on the type of geological formation
      • Constant composition, low turbidity, high hardness, no dissolved oxygen, no color, high mineral content
    • Surface water sources:
      • Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs
      • Varying composition, high turbidity, low hardness, dissolved oxygen, tastes and odors, color, low mineral content

    Water Treatment Systems

    • Purpose: to bring raw water up to drinking water quality
    • Surface water treatment systems:
      • Screening and grit removal
      • Primary sedimentation (settling or clarification)
      • Rapid mixing and coagulation
      • Flocculation
      • Secondary sedimentation (settling)

    Municipal Solid Waste Management

    • Sources of municipal solid waste:
      • Residential (57.6%)
      • Commercial (27.1%)
      • Institutional (12.1%)
      • Industrial sources (4.1%)
    • Composition of municipal solid waste:
      • Biodegradable wastes (52.31%): kitchen or food waste, compostable waste (86.2% from food scraps, 13.8% from leaves and twigs)
      • Recyclable wastes (27.78%): plastic packaging materials (38%), paper and cardboard waste (31%), metals, glass, textile, leather, and rubber (31%)
      • Special wastes (1.93%): household healthcare waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment, bulky waste, and other hazardous waste
      • Residuals (17.98%): disposable waste and inert materials

    Waste Collection Techniques

    • Door-to-door collection: waste materials are collected in every house within a target area to recover recyclables and biodegradables
    • Block or communal collection: MRFs in barangays that are within or near the targeted collection area

    Treatment and Disposal

    • Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) establishment in every barangay or cluster of barangays
    • Composting: meet the mandatory waste diversion requirements, done in compost pits, tire towers, coconut shell stack, bottomless bins, clay pots, and plastic sacks
    • Recycling: component of an MRF or established as a stand-alone processing facility
    • Disposal: refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste into or on any land
    • Disposal sites:
      • Dumpsites: raw, open spaces designated as local disposal areas without engineering measures and pollution control systems
      • Sanitary Landfills (SLFs): waste disposal facilities with impermeable liners to prevent liquid discharges from polluting ground and surface waters

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    Description

    This quiz covers the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 and its goals to protect the country's water bodies from pollution. It also discusses the importance of water quality management.

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