Module 6 Chapter 10: Learning to Communicate - What is Communication?
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes human communication from animal communication?

  • The perception of different contour types
  • The preference for infant-directed speech
  • The use of vocal melodies
  • The understanding of the mental states of others (correct)

    • What type of speech do infants prefer over adult-directed speech?

  • Speech with different contour types
  • Speech in a familiar language
  • Speech conveying emotion and social situations (correct)
  • Speech with varied intonations

    • At what age can infants differentiate between happy and angry faces based on their features?

  • 5 months
  • 8 months (correct)
  • 1 year
  • 12 months

    • In the visual cliff experiment, why might an infant avoid crossing the cliff?

    <p>Due to discomfort from seeing strange expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants shift from responding directly to stimuli to attempting to share their experiences with others?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do vocal melodies of infant-directed speech convey to infants?

    <p>Emotion and social situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of gaze following before 8 months?

    <p>Both the adult and the infant focus on an object together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does joint attention between an adult and an infant involve?

    <p>Both parties focus on an object, follow it, and comment on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an infant demonstrate learning to follow an adult's gaze at around 12 months?

    <p>By switching to follow an adult's gaze in most cases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the duration of looking in the proper direction positively associated with faster vocab growth up to 2 years old?

    <p>It provides more opportunities for joint attention with caregivers who can label new objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario will an infant follow an adult's gaze?

    <p>When the adult looks to either side across from the infant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants learn at 12 months about objects providing intentional cues?

    <p>They learn that objects providing intentional cues are more likely to give meaningful information about their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants start to interpret a point as long as the object is close to the pointer's finger?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can communicative pointing (pointing and then looking to adult for confirmation) predict in infants?

    <p>Greater vocab growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at 14 months regarding infants and pointing?

    <p>They start pointing with no one around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might babbled sounds provide for infants?

    <p>Foundation for first words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of babbling before infants start forming their first words?

    <p>(0-2 months): reflexive vocalizations directly related to physical states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do babbling and conventional words occur together?

    <p>Around 19 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to increase the rate of vocalization in infants?

    <p>Mother's verbal feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movements do deaf children exposed to sign language produce?

    <p>Low-frequency hand/arm movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hearing infants communicate before they speak first words?

    <p>By showing, giving, pointing, and ritual requests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do gestures serve in relation to language development?

    <p>Provide practice communicating via conventional signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Symbolic gestures' mentioned in the text refer to gestures that:

    <p>Represent specific meanings or concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do symbolic signs and first words typically emerge?

    <p>12-13 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is iconicity mentioned in relation to early signs?

    <p>It makes signs more recognizable to parents than under-developed words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parent checklists suggest about infants' understanding of language?

    <p>Infants understand more words by 16 months than at 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants typically recognize at 8 months related to language?

    <p>Recurrence patterns in sequences of speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do infants become efficient at recognizing familiar words, even before completion?

    <p>15-24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it mentioned that some infants will produce both sign and speech at the same rate?

    <p>Each child has a unique learning style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe when infants start experimenting with a wide array of noises they can make with their vocal tracts?

    <p>Variegated babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically transition from reduplicated babbling to variegated babbling?

    <p>11-12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of gaze following before 8 months?

    <p>Developing joint reference with adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the 'jargon' babbling stage in infants' language development?

    <p>Infants create longer strings of consonant-vowel combos with varying intonations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do infants typically switch to learning how to follow an adult's gaze?

    <p>14 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of canonical babbling in infants around 6-7 months?

    <p>Infants produce sounds that mimic real words like 'mama', 'dada'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants typically progress from at 6-7 months to form more complex babbling sounds?

    <p>'Gaga' babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is duration of looking in the proper direction positively associated with faster vocab growth up to 2 years old?

    <p>It contributes to increased joint attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants learn about pointing at 12 months?

    <p>Objects providing intentional cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do infants demonstrate learning to follow an adult's gaze at around 12 months?

    <p>By following the direction of the adult's gaze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mother's verbal response and infant vocalization rate?

    <p>Mother's verbal response tends to increase infant vocalization rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of deaf children's babbling compared to hearing children?

    <p>Deaf children's babbling is delayed and has a reduced repertoire of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What communicative function do hearing infants' gestures serve before they speak their first words?

    <p>Intentional and communicative acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do infants show an increased sensitivity to emotion in the voice at 5 months of age?

    <p>Because different contour types convey information about the infant's world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 1-year-old infants start developing that allows them to understand unspoken inferences via facial expressions?

    <p>Complex mental abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of infants referencing their mother's facial expressions (happy or fearful) in the visual cliff experiment?

    <p>Infants may avoid the cliff due to discomfort from seeing strange expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do 12-month-old infants look at their mother's face to seek information about the world around them?

    <p>To gain knowledge about their immediate environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transition that occurs in infants at 9 months related to responding to stimuli?

    <p>They begin sharing their experiences with others along with responding to stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of speech do infants of all languages generally prefer over adult-directed speech?

    <p>Infant-directed speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone do symbolic signs and first words typically emerge around?

    <p>12-13 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do parent checklists suggest about infants' understanding of language?

    <p>Infants understand an average of 150 words by 1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of iconicity in early signs referred to in the text?

    <p>It ensures the signs closely resemble what they are communicating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age might infants have learned the association between a parent and a parent’s name?

    <p>Around 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do early comprehension skills at 8 months entail for infants?

    <p>Attunement to the sound system of the surrounding language</p> Signup and view all the answers

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