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Questions and Answers
What are moral standards concerned with?
What are moral standards concerned with?
Which of the following is an example of non-moral standards?
Which of the following is an example of non-moral standards?
What does a human act involve?
What does a human act involve?
Why are animals considered incapable of true voluntariness?
Why are animals considered incapable of true voluntariness?
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What is voluntariness present in every human act?
What is voluntariness present in every human act?
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Which type of acts involve voluntariness according to the text?
Which type of acts involve voluntariness according to the text?
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Based on the text, what makes man the only Moral Being?
Based on the text, what makes man the only Moral Being?
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What distinguishes man as the highest form of animal according to the text?
What distinguishes man as the highest form of animal according to the text?
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In the context of moral standards versus non-moral ones, why is it important to understand the difference between them?
In the context of moral standards versus non-moral ones, why is it important to understand the difference between them?
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What is crucial in addressing the cultural conundrum mentioned in the text?
What is crucial in addressing the cultural conundrum mentioned in the text?
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What role does Ratio play in defining man as a rational animal?
What role does Ratio play in defining man as a rational animal?
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How are the intellect and the will related according to the text?
How are the intellect and the will related according to the text?
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What is the term for the disposition of a person doing an activity regardless of whether they like it or not?
What is the term for the disposition of a person doing an activity regardless of whether they like it or not?
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What term refers to positive emotions like love, desire, delight, and negative emotions like hatred, horror, sadness, and fear?
What term refers to positive emotions like love, desire, delight, and negative emotions like hatred, horror, sadness, and fear?
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What type of actions are considered voluntary?
What type of actions are considered voluntary?
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What makes actions involuntary?
What makes actions involuntary?
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What is the term used to refer to the plan of God in creating the universe?
What is the term used to refer to the plan of God in creating the universe?
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What is recognized by all men regardless of creed, race, culture, or historical circumstances according to the text?
What is recognized by all men regardless of creed, race, culture, or historical circumstances according to the text?
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According to STEWART DUGALD, what is considered the 'original principle of our constitution'?
According to STEWART DUGALD, what is considered the 'original principle of our constitution'?
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Which philosophy believes that pleasure alone is the primary purpose of man's existence?
Which philosophy believes that pleasure alone is the primary purpose of man's existence?
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What does Moral Rationalism believe can be known through reason alone?
What does Moral Rationalism believe can be known through reason alone?
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Which philosophy asserts that moral rules and principles are made by humans, not by a higher power like God?
Which philosophy asserts that moral rules and principles are made by humans, not by a higher power like God?
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In what way does Moral Evolutionism relate to evolution?
In what way does Moral Evolutionism relate to evolution?
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Which philosophy believes that moral beliefs come from emotions and feelings?
Which philosophy believes that moral beliefs come from emotions and feelings?
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Study Notes
Moral Standards
- Concerned with the goodness or badness of human acts
- Are distinct from non-moral standards
- Guide human conduct based on values and principles
Non-Moral Standards
- Example: standards of etiquette, fashion, or art
Human Act
- Involves intellect and will
- Voluntary act, reflecting conscious choice
- Not just physical movement, but a deliberate act
Voluntariness in Animals
- Considered incapable of true voluntariness
- Lack the capacity for reasoning and choice, acting based on instinct
Voluntariness in Human Acts
- Present in every human act
- Reflects conscious thought and free will
- Essential element for moral accountability
Voluntary Acts
- Involve deliberate choice and conscious action
- Not involuntary or coerced, reflecting freedom of will
Man as Moral Being
- Rationality distinguishes man as the only Moral Being
- Ability to reason and make moral judgments sets him apart
Man as Highest Form of Animal
- Distinguishable by his reason and intellect
- Capacity for abstract thought and moral reasoning elevates him
Moral Standards vs. Non-Moral Standards
- Understanding the difference is crucial for establishing ethical guidelines
- Moral standards govern human conduct, non-moral standards address social conventions
Cultural Conundrum
- Understanding the difference between moral and non-moral standards helps address cultural conundrums
- Different cultures have different standards, but fundamental moral principles remain the same
Ratio
- Ratio refers to reason, which defines man as a rational animal
- Capacity for critical thinking and moral judgment is what distinguishes him
Intellect and Will
- Intellect guides actions, while the will chooses and carries them out
- They are interrelated and work together
Disposition
- The disposition of a person doing an activity regardless of whether they like it or not is called "Habit"
**** Emotions
- Refer to positive emotions like love, desire, delight, and negative emotions like hatred, horror, sadness, and fear
Involuntary Actions
- Made without conscious control, like involuntary reflexes or actions under duress
Plan of God
- The term used to refer to the plan of God in creating the universe is called "Divine Providence"
Universal Moral Truths
- Recognized by all men regardless of creed, race, culture, or historical circumstances
- Fundamental principles of morality are universal and unchanging
Stewart Dugald
- "The original principle of our constitution" refers to the fundamental principle of human nature, often associated with reason or morality
Hedonism
- Believes that pleasure alone is the primary purpose of man's existence
Moral Rationalism
- Asserts that moral rules and principles can be known through reason alone
Moral Relativism
- Asserts that moral rules and principles are made by humans, not by a higher power like God
Moral Evolutionism
- Relates to evolution by suggesting that moral beliefs have evolved over time
Emotivism
- Believes that moral beliefs come from emotions and feelings
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Description
This quiz covers moral standards and human freedom, focusing on principles such as man being the only moral being, the highest form of animal, and a rational animal. The quiz delves into man's capability of action, intellect, and free will.
