Module 3: Electrical Fundamentals II - Filters

A circuit that allows only specific frequencies to pass through while blocking others.

A filter that allows low frequencies (like bass) to pass through while blocking high frequencies (like treble).

A filter that allows high frequencies (like treble) to pass through while blocking low frequencies (like bass).

A filter that allows a specific band of frequencies to pass through while blocking frequencies outside of that band.

A filter that blocks a specific band of frequencies while allowing frequencies outside of that band to pass through.

The frequency at which a filter starts to significantly attenuate (reduce) the signal.

Speakers that reproduce low frequencies (bass).

Speakers that reproduce high frequencies (treble).

A type of electronic circuit that allows low-frequency signals to pass through while attenuating (reducing) high-frequency signals.

The frequency at which a low pass filter starts significantly attenuating signals. Signals below this frequency pass through largely unaffected.

A low pass filter configuration using a resistor and a capacitor.

A low pass filter configuration using a resistor and an inductor.

The opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) offered by a capacitor. It decreases as frequency increases.

The opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC) offered by an inductor. It increases as frequency increases.

In an RC low pass filter, as the frequency of the input signal decreases, capacitive reactance (XC) increases, allowing more voltage to pass through the capacitor and less through the resistor.

In an RL low pass filter, as the frequency of the input signal decreases, inductive reactance (XL) decreases, allowing more voltage to pass through the resistor and less through the inductor.

A type of filter that allows high frequencies to pass through while attenuating low frequencies.

A high pass filter built with a resistor and a capacitor. The capacitor acts as a variable resistance for different frequencies, allowing higher frequencies to pass more easily.

A high pass filter made from a resistor and an inductor. The inductor's reactance increases with frequency, allowing higher frequencies to pass with less resistance.

The condition in an LCR circuit where the inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC) are equal.

A circuit that exhibits resonance, selectively amplifying a specific frequency. Also known as a 'tuned circuit'.

The frequency at which the inductive reactance (XL) and capacitive reactance (XC) in an LCR circuit are equal in magnitude.

At resonant frequency, the impedance of the circuit becomes purely resistive. This means the circuit acts like a simple resistor.

Below the resonant frequency (fr), the capacitive reactance (XC) is greater than the inductive reactance (XL), making the circuit act like a capacitor.

Above the resonant frequency (fr), the inductive reactance (XL) is greater than the capacitive reactance (XC), making the circuit act like an inductor.

Any change in the inductance (L) or capacitance (C) of an LCR circuit will directly affect the resonant frequency. Increasing L or C lowers the resonant frequency, while decreasing them raises it.

Parallel LCR circuits can also exhibit resonance, and the formula for calculating the resonant frequency remains the same as for series circuits.

An LCR circuit can be tuned to resonate with a specific frequency, acting as a filter to selectively allow or reject other frequencies.

Radio tuners are typically LCR circuits that can be adjusted to resonate at the desired frequency of a radio station, allowing you to listen to that station while ignoring others.

A resonant circuit that allows a narrow range of frequencies to pass through while blocking frequencies outside that range.

A circuit that creates a path for current flow at its resonant frequency, offering minimum resistance.

A resonant circuit that offers high resistance to current flow at its resonant frequency, preventing current from passing.

The frequency at which a resonant circuit has minimum opposition to current flow in a series LC circuit, or maximum opposition in a parallel LC circuit.

The lower and upper frequency limits of a band pass filter, where the current begins to be attenuated.

The frequency at the center of the passband of a band pass filter, where the current flow is maximized.

A filter that allows all frequencies except a specific narrow band to pass through.

A type of circuit that can be used as a filter, either a band pass or band stop depending on its design and components.

The center frequency of a band stop filter. Current is minimized at this frequency.

The frequency below which the band-stop filter rejects frequencies. Frequencies above this point are allowed to pass.

The frequency above which the band-stop filter rejects frequencies. Frequencies below this point are allowed to pass.

A circuit configuration used to create a band stop filter. It blocks specific frequencies by creating a high impedance at the resonant frequency.

A circuit configuration used to create a band stop filter. It acts as a bypass for rejected frequencies.