Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is social cognitive theory?
What is social cognitive theory?
A theory of human behavior that proposes that thoughts, beliefs, and expectations influence behavior and are shaped by the person's social environment.
Who is Albert Bandura?
Who is Albert Bandura?
A researcher famous for work in observational or social learning including the famous Bobo doll experiment.
What is self-efficacy?
What is self-efficacy?
One's belief in his or her own ability.
Self-efficacy beliefs influence people's: _____
Self-efficacy beliefs influence people's: _____
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What is a conditioned association?
What is a conditioned association?
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What does contiguity refer to?
What does contiguity refer to?
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Who are Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner?
Who are Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner?
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What is the contingency model?
What is the contingency model?
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Classical conditioning is fastest and strongest when: the _____ occurs shortly before the US.
Classical conditioning is fastest and strongest when: the _____ occurs shortly before the US.
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The predictability rather than the frequency of NS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of _____ in conditioning.
The predictability rather than the frequency of NS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of _____ in conditioning.
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Which psychologist studied the development of taste aversions that could not be explained by classical conditioning?
Which psychologist studied the development of taste aversions that could not be explained by classical conditioning?
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Learning by imitating the behavior of others is called _____ learning. The researcher BEST known for studying this type of learning is _____ .
Learning by imitating the behavior of others is called _____ learning. The researcher BEST known for studying this type of learning is _____ .
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Some theorists speculate that people with autism spectrum disorder display reduced imitative yawning and difficulty modeling observed behaviors because of malfunctioning _____ neurons.
Some theorists speculate that people with autism spectrum disorder display reduced imitative yawning and difficulty modeling observed behaviors because of malfunctioning _____ neurons.
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What has Newton developed after getting ill from pizza?
What has Newton developed after getting ill from pizza?
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Researchers often find it more challenging to train dolphins rather than dogs even though dolphins are smarter. One reason for this is that dolphins have _____ shared evolutionary heritage with humans than dogs.
Researchers often find it more challenging to train dolphins rather than dogs even though dolphins are smarter. One reason for this is that dolphins have _____ shared evolutionary heritage with humans than dogs.
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In the case of Fabian becoming ill from chicken, the unconditioned stimulus is the: _____
In the case of Fabian becoming ill from chicken, the unconditioned stimulus is the: _____
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What is an example of an extrinsic reward for ten-year-old Maggie?
What is an example of an extrinsic reward for ten-year-old Maggie?
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What sophisticated ability can Baby May likely demonstrate?
What sophisticated ability can Baby May likely demonstrate?
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Why was Michelle able to change her route to work quickly?
Why was Michelle able to change her route to work quickly?
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What is considered a powerful unconditioned stimulus in conditioned taste aversion?
What is considered a powerful unconditioned stimulus in conditioned taste aversion?
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In classical conditioning, the smell of tequila for Erin is now a(n): _____
In classical conditioning, the smell of tequila for Erin is now a(n): _____
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What behavior is exemplified by Johnny
What behavior is exemplified by Johnny
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Study Notes
Social Cognitive Theory
- Proposes that behavior is influenced by thoughts, beliefs, expectations, and the social environment.
Albert Bandura
- A key figure in observational learning research known for the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating children's imitation of aggressive behavior.
Self-Efficacy
- Refers to an individual's belief in their capability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.
Influence of Self-Efficacy
- Affects cognition, motivation, emotion, and decision-making processes.
Conditioned Association
- Involves learning to connect two events occurring closely in time, forming a link in memory.
Contiguity
- Describes the perception that events happening close together in time are related to one another.
Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner
- Developed the contingency model, showing that animals can learn predictability through associative experiences.
Contingency Model
- An update to the contiguity model, emphasizing that the more reliably one event predicts another, the stronger the learning.
Classical Conditioning Speed
- Most effective when the neutral stimulus (NS) is presented shortly before the unconditioned stimulus (US).
Cognitive Processes in Conditioning
- Suggests importance of cognitive processes, rather than just frequency, in forming NS-US associations for classical conditioning.
John Garcia
- Researched taste aversions, noting that traditional classical conditioning principles do not fully explain these behaviors.
Observational Learning
- Learning through imitation of others, highlighted in Bandura's studies of social learning.
Autism and Imitative Behavior
- Some theorists propose that individuals with autism may have impaired mirror neurons, affecting their ability to imitate behavior.
Taste Aversion Example
- Newton's aversion to a pizza chain after illness exemplifies conditioned taste aversion.
Training Challenges with Dolphins
- Dolphins, despite higher intelligence, are harder to train than dogs due to less shared evolutionary heritage with humans affecting their conditioning.
Unconditioned Stimulus in Taste Aversion
- For Fabian, the bacteria causing illness served as the unconditioned stimulus in his conditioned response to chicken from a restaurant.
Extrinsic Rewards in Motivation
- Maggie’s interruptions in class highlight how external attention from peers acts as an extrinsic reward enhancing behavior.
Cognitive Mapping
- Michelle’s ability to navigate around road closures demonstrates her use of a cognitive map to adjust her route.
Unconditioned Stimulus in Taste Aversion
- In conditioned taste aversion, spoiled or poisoned food acts as a potent unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus Example
- Erin’s nausea at the smell of tequila after a negative experience illustrates how certain scents can become conditioned stimuli.
Modeling Behavior
- Johnny’s imitation of his father while “hammering” reflects the concept of modeling in learning and development.
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Description
Test your knowledge on social cognitive theory and its key components. This quiz focuses on influential concepts and figures in cognitive psychology, particularly Albert Bandura and self-efficacy. Perfect for students studying psychology and behavior in a social context.
