Module 20: ENT Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a myringotomy?

To implant a prosthesis in the stapes

To create a passage for fluid drainage in the ear (correct)

To surgically repair the tympanic membrane

To remove the mastoid air cells

Which of the following surgeries is most commonly associated with the treatment of cholesteatoma?

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Tympanoplasty

Mastoidectomy (correct)

Cochlear implantation

What potential complication is highly associated with mastoidectomy procedures?

Risk of postoperative infection

Risk of sensory hearing loss

Risk of damage to the facial nerve (correct)

Risk of tympanic membrane perforation

What is typically applied postoperatively to the external auditory canal after tympanoplasty?

Antibiotic ointment Signup and view all the answers

What technique is commonly used during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for better visualization?

Topical epinephrine on patties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the basilar membrane in the cochlea?

To convert mechanical energy into electrochemical impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which structures make up the nasal septum?

Nasal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and vomer bone Signup and view all the answers

What component in the ear detects angular acceleration and sends impulses to the vestibular branch of the acoustic nerve?

Semicircular canals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiglottis in the larynx?

It prevents aspiration by covering the trachea. Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is located anterior to the rest and is often involved in sinusitis?

Frontal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the rich blood supply in the nasal septum?

To moisten and warm incoming air Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the throat communicates with both the esophagus and the larynx?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What bones contribute to the structure of the nasal cavity?

Vomer and nasal concha Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of assessing a patient’s respiratory status pre-operatively?

To evaluate potential complications related to surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is located posteriorly to the trachea?

Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential consideration for patients undergoing surgeries involving the face or neck?

Potential long-term aesthetic and functional changes Signup and view all the answers

What type of anaesthesia may be used for tracheostomy procedures lasting less than two hours?

Local anaesthetic with neurolept Signup and view all the answers

When is hair removal required in head and neck surgeries?

If the hair obstructs the surgical field or poses a risk to the wound Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken when performing rhinologic surgeries regarding the nasal cavity?

Use vasoconstrictor solution-soaked patties for packing Signup and view all the answers

Why is lidocaine applied topically to the larynx during laryngeal surgery?

To numb the area and prevent coughing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about patient reassurance during surgery is true?

Continuous reassurance may help alleviate patient anxiety during surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a common implementation after a biopsy of the larynx?

Topical epinephrine is used for vasoconstriction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding chlorhexidine in otorhinolaryngology procedures?

It is ototoxic. Signup and view all the answers

Which specific instrument is typically used for myringotomy in otologic surgery?

Myringotomy knife Signup and view all the answers

What positioning device is commonly used for patients undergoing head and neck surgeries?

Shoulder roll Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in the instruments required for rhinosurgery?

Biopsy forceps Signup and view all the answers

Which solution is recommended for use as a prep solution in otorhinolaryngology procedures?

Providone-iodine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the perioperative nurse in ensuring patient safety?

To apply the return electrode pad and secure safety straps. Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is essential for visualizing the nasal passages during rhinosurgery?

Light source with camera monitor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the timing for clipping hair before surgery?

It should be done close to the time of the surgery in a different room. Signup and view all the answers

For maximum visualization during neck surgeries, which of the following instruments is least likely to be used?

Aural curette Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of patient positioning is influenced by surgeon preferences?

The patient's intraoperative position Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a sterile nerve stimulator during head and neck surgeries?

To protect recurrent laryngeal nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instruments is NOT typically included in the minor instrument set for ENT surgeries?

Coagulator Signup and view all the answers

In what position should a microscope be stored when not in use during surgical procedures?

In an upright position in a low-traffic area Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when using power drills during surgeries?

They must be placed in safe mode during exchange between surgeon and scrub nurse. Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical technique is primarily used for most otologic procedures?

Transcanal or postauricular approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using forced-air warming blankets during surgery?

To prevent hypothermia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement for using lasers such as CO2 or Nd:YAG in surgeries?

They assist in vaporizing tissue while protecting surrounding areas. Signup and view all the answers

What type of equipment must the OR be prepared with for head and neck surgeries?

Monopolar and bipolar cautery, suction, and monitors Signup and view all the answers

What should be continuously monitored during surgery to ensure patient safety?

Patient's temperature to ensure normothermia Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is specifically designed to grasp the tonsils during surgical procedures?

Tonsil forceps Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cochlea and Vestibular Labyrinth

Basilar membrane in the cochlea contains hair cells that convert mechanical vibration into electrochemical impulses.
The vestibular labyrinth is composed of the utricle, saccule, and three semicircular canals, crucial for detecting angular acceleration during movement.
Semicircular canals trigger impulses through the vestibular branch of the acoustic nerve (8th cranial nerve).

Anatomy of the Nose

The nose is a prominent facial feature, susceptible to trauma and consists of skin supported by cartilage and bone.
Two external nares serve as air passages to the nasal cavity, which humidifies and filters air before it reaches the lungs.
Alar cartilages shape the nose's tip and nostrils; the columella separates the nares.
Nasal cavity divided into right and left parts by the nasal septum, composed of nasal cartilage, the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and the vomer bone.
Rich blood supply in the septum warms and moistens air, while mucus traps dust and small particles.
Nasal sinuses (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary) communicate with the nasal cavity via the meatus.

Throat Structure

The throat includes the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, facilitating both digestion and respiration.
The oral cavity is composed of the mouth, salivary glands, and structures like cheeks, hard palate, tongue, teeth, and lips.
Pharynx connects to multiple cavities, serving as a passageway from the nose to the larynx and esophagus.
Larynx acts as an airway, containing the epiglottis that prevents aspiration and the vocal cords (supraglottis, glottis, subglottis).

Perioperative Nursing Considerations

Pre-operative respiratory assessment involves evaluating breathing quality, smoking history, and nutritional status.
Facial structures must be assessed for symmetry, color, lesions, and patient pain levels.
Surgical considerations may affect body image and can lead to long-term issues like hearing loss or facial numbness.

Anaesthesia Considerations

Local anaesthetic with neurolept is used for minor procedures; patients must remain immobile.
General anaesthesia may be necessary based on patient health and surgical requirements.
For rhinologic surgeries, nasal packing with vasoconstrictor-soaked patties is common.

Surgical Prep and Positioning

Hair removal for surgeries is performed only if it obstructs the surgical field, preferably using clippers.
Surgical site disinfectant commonly used is povidone-iodine unless allergic; chlorhexidine is avoided due to ototoxicity.
Position patients according to surgical needs; supine position with should rolls is standard for head and neck surgeries.

Instrumentation and Counting

Otorhinolaryngology surgeries require specific instruments for delicate handling.
Key instruments for otologic surgeries include myringotomy knives and middle ear tools.
Rhinologic surgeries utilize tools like sinus scopes and alar retractors.
Comprehensive instrument counting is necessary before and after surgeries to ensure all tools are accounted for.

Equipment Requirements

Operating rooms must be equipped with cautery tools, suction, and monitoring systems.
Surgical microscopes provide illumination and magnification, while power drills assist in ear surgeries.
CO2, KTP, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG lasers are utilized for delicate procedures without damaging surrounding tissue.
Continuous patient temperature monitoring with warming blankets prevents hypothermia during surgeries.

Surgical Interventions

Otologic procedures often performed via the ear canal or behind the ear, including:
- Myringotomy involves incising the tympanic membrane and placing a tube.
- Mastoidectomy, with types categorized by approaches and related risks.
- Tympanoplasty for tympanic membrane repair, utilizing grafts from various ear parts.
- Cochlear Implantation involves inserting a device into the cochlea for sensory hearing loss.

Rhinologic Surgery Details

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) employs an endoscope to address sinus issues, ensuring drainage by resecting tissue.
Local infiltration aids in surgery, and the postoperative care includes nasal packing, typically with moustache dressings.

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Description

Test your understanding of the inner ear anatomy in this quiz. Explore the roles of the basilar membrane, hair cells, and the vestibular labyrinth in translating mechanical vibrations into electrochemical impulses. Challenge yourself to identify key structures involved in hearing and balance.