Module 10: Principles of the Motor System Quiz

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Which component of the motor system is responsible for fine-tuning motor activity and ensuring precise and coordinated movements?

Motor cortex

Skeletal muscles

Descending pathways

Basal ganglia and cerebellum (correct)

What is the role of the primary motor cortex in the motor system?

Fine-tuning motor activity

Planning and executing voluntary movements (correct)

Coordinating muscle response

Integrating upper and lower motor neurons

Which type of lesion in the motor system can result in muscle weakness, spasticity, and hyperreflexia?

Lesion in the basal ganglia

Upper motor neuron lesion (correct)

Lower motor neuron lesion

Lesion in the cerebellum

What is the function of the lower motor neurons in the motor system?

Activation of skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of lesions at the lower motor neuron level in the motor system?

Muscle atrophy, fasciculations, and flaccid paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Which neural structure is found in the cerebral cortex and brainstem, carrying information to activate interneurons and lower motor neurons?

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) Signup and view all the answers

What is the subset of the motor system that involves peripheral nerve structures transmitting efferent information from the UMN to skeletal muscle fibers?

Somatic Motor System Signup and view all the answers

Which structure initiates and refines efferent signals before transmitting motor information to effectors via neuromuscular junctions?

Cerebral cortical and subcortical structures Signup and view all the answers

What does the autonomic nervous system transmit efferent information to?

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Signup and view all the answers

What are the key motor behaviors crucial in humans, as mentioned in the text?

Limb movements and speech Signup and view all the answers

What type of connection is the striatonigral pathway?

GABAergic Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors are associated with the direct pathway in the nigrostriatal projection?

D1 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of imbalance between the direct and indirect pathways in the basal nuclei?

Reduced motor cortex activity Signup and view all the answers

In Parkinson's disease, which neurons experience loss, leading to an imbalance favoring the indirect pathway?

Dopamine neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the direct pathway excite, facilitating motor cortex activity?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the body mapping in the primary motor cortex?

Feet near the midline, hands, and face on the lateral side Signup and view all the answers

Which area may be affected by a cortical stroke that selectively impairs hand or face movement due to the spread of body parts in the cortex?

Postcentral gyrus Signup and view all the answers

In the context of motor deficits, what does bilateral innervation in some muscle groups protect against?

Unilateral deficits Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain, when affected by a stroke, can lead to hemiplegia or hemiparesis?

Internal capsule Signup and view all the answers

What part of the brain is the main recipient of afferent signals for the basal nuclei?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers