72 Questions
What is considered the primary social bond for an infant according to Freud's psychoanalysis?
Mother-infant relationship
According to Bowlby, how does he describe the mother-infant relationship in terms of its uniqueness?
Unmatched and irreplaceable
In the context of infant relationships, what did Bowlby consider the mother-infant relationship to be?
A prototype for future relationships
What role does the Oedipus complex play in the development of relationships in infants?
It affects the mother-father relationship
How does Freud view the mother-infant attachment in relation to the child's social-affective relations?
As the first and strongest love object
In what way are infants and their caregivers described to interact with each other according to the text?
In a dance-like interaction
At what age does a toddler's empathic response to the emotional distress of another child go beyond mere contagion?
2 years
What term is used to describe the network of people surrounding a child, including family, friends, lovers, and cultural background?
Social Nexus
At what age can infants differentiate between social sounds like /pa/ and /ba/?
12 weeks
What is a major task of newborns according to the text?
Adapt to the environment of people
At what age do infants begin to exhibit differential fear responses towards people based on gender and age?
6-8 months
What do infants demonstrate when they interact differently with familiar persons versus strangers at around 5 weeks of age?
Differential interaction
What is the purpose of The Strange Situation experiment?
To understand infants' attachment styles by observing their reaction to their mother's absence and return
Which attachment style involves contradictory behaviors towards the mother?
Disorganized attachment
What best describes how peers interact with each other according to the text?
Peers may engage in aggressive behavior and play power politics.
At what age do infants typically start to become wary of strangers?
8-9 months
What type of relationships are characterized by having both an attachment and non-attachment dimension?
Friendship relationships
What cognitive development is crucial for the emergence of Theory of Mind according to the text?
Decentering ability
Which type of relationship is most specific to particular interactions and varies in familiarity?
Acquaintance relationship
What is the main focus of fathers' behaviors towards children as mentioned in the text?
Physical playful activities
Which relationship involves competition, rivalry, but also positive aspects like protection and cooperation?
Siblings relationship
When do infants typically start showing social interactions such as empathy and sharing according to the text?
15-18 months
What type of relationship did Freud identify as the primary social bond for infants?
Mother-infant relationship
According to Bowlby, what does the mother-infant relationship serve as for the child?
Prototype of all later love relations
What does Bowlby consider the mother-infant relationship to be in terms of its uniqueness?
Established unalterably for a whole lifetime
In terms of social-affective relations, how did Bowlby describe the mother-infant relationship?
Model of the child’s social-affective relations in adulthood
Which caregiver-infant relationship did Bowlby view as without parallel and established unalterably for a whole lifetime?
Mother-infant
According to Freud's psychoanalysis, what is the role of the Oedipus complex in infant development?
Affects attachment to fathers
What do quantitative techniques in social network analysis aim to accomplish?
Describe and specify the characteristics of social networks
Which role does the social matrix model play in understanding infant development?
Describing how multiple people meet infants' various needs
What does the text suggest about infants raised in isolation with only their mother?
Later relationships may be highly dependent on the one with their mother
In terms of the social network surrounding an infant, who plays important roles according to the text?
Grandparents, siblings, and peers
How does the text describe the relationship between middle-class couples?
They tend to have a social kinship with other middle-class couples
What is the significance of understanding the satisfaction of different needs by various individuals in an infant's life?
It helps in determining the roles different people play in the child's development
What is the significance of the Strange Situation experiment in understanding infant attachment styles?
To assess infants' attachment styles based on their reactions to separations and reunions
In the context of attachment styles, what characterizes infants with ambivalent attachment?
They show contradictory behaviors towards their mothers
Which factor is associated with determining the type of attachment infants form depending on maternal responsiveness?
Infant's genetic predisposition
How do highly responsive mothers impact the development of secure attachments in infants?
They foster secure attachments in these infants
What aspect of father's behavior is highlighted in their role in attachment according to the text?
Fathers primarily engage in physical playful activities with children
What describes siblings' interactions in relationships according to the text?
Siblings teach each other valuable social skills such as sharing and empathy
How do siblings typically behave towards each other when one is being punished by a parent according to the text?
They intervene to protect and help each other
What role do siblings play in teaching valuable social skills to each other?
Teaching sharing, cooperation, help, and empathy
What is a common characteristic of sibling relationships that influences how they behave towards each other?
Protection and support towards each other
How do siblings generally interact with each other when one experiences negative consequences from a parent's actions?
They provide protection and assistance to the affected sibling
What is one of the features assigned to humans as stated in the text?
Empathy
At what age do infants demonstrate discrimination of emotional expressions, as mentioned in the text?
7 months
What do infants show surprise at, according to the text?
Small adults
At what age do infants begin to respond differently to children compared to adults?
3-4 months
What distinguishes the type of sounds infants can discriminate between at 12 weeks of age, as per the text?
Social and nonsocial sounds
What does the emergence of consciousness and the idea of 'me' lead to in toddlers, as mentioned in the text?
Empathic responses
What does Bowlby consider the mother-infant relationship to be in terms of its uniqueness?
A bond established unalterably for a whole lifetime
How do infants typically behave towards strangers who are treated positively by their mothers?
Tend to be more friendly towards them
According to Freud's psychoanalysis, what is the role of the mother-infant relationship for the infant?
Primary social bond for the infant
How is the mother-infant attachment described in terms of its impact on the child's social-affective relations?
Makes a model of the child's social-affective relation with people after the first year of life
What did Bowlby suggest about the mother-infant relationship in terms of being a love object?
A prototype for all later love relations
In what way did Freud view the Oedipus complex's conflict in relation to infant development?
A crucial conflict influencing development alongside the mother's influence
What is the potential impact of having other close adults in an infant's circle, aside from their mother?
The infant is likely to recover quickly after initial distress over their mother's absence.
How does the social matrix model describe the relationship between individuals and needs in an infant's life?
It examines how different people meet various needs like caregiving, play, and education in the child's network.
What role does the middle-class social network play in the lives of middle-class couples according to the text?
It provides kinship connections with other middle-class couples.
What does the text suggest about the satisfaction of needs by different individuals in an infant's life?
It informs us about relationships and roles within the child's social network.
What is the significance of having a model that describes how multiple people and needs interact in an infant's life according to the text?
It helps identify who plays what role and what environment the child is raised in.
Why are quantitative techniques used to describe social networks according to the text?
To quantify and specify characteristics of social networks like roles and relations.
What aspect of the father's role tends to increase as children grow older, according to the text?
Fathers increase their focus on physical playful activities
What does the text suggest about infants with a certain gene for anxiety and negative emotionality?
Their attachment style depends on the level of maternal responsiveness
What is a key characteristic of secure attachment according to the text?
Seeking contact with the mother during reunion
In terms of interaction patterns, how do mothers and fathers differ according to the text?
Fathers tend to be more centered around child care activities
What type of relationship involves competition, rivalry, and positive aspects like protection and cooperation?
Siblings relationships
How do young children typically develop relationships with daycare personnel according to the text?
The relationship significantly impacts social and emotional development
What is a common misconception about caregiver-infant attachments according to the text?
Infants can only form attachments with their mothers
What is a key difference between mothers and fathers in their interactions with children according to the text?
Mothers focus on child care activities while fathers focus on playful interactions
What characterizes infants with an avoidant attachment style according to the text?
Ignoring the mother during reunion
What is a common characteristic of sibling relationships according to the text?
Often include protection, cooperation, and teaching social skills
Test your knowledge on social development, empathy, and contagious behaviors in toddlers. Explore topics like newborns' emotional responses, toddlers' empathic responses, and the emergence of consciousness.
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