Module 1-2: Historical Development of Tests and Measurements

In 1864, Rev. George Fisher devised an instrument called 'Scale Book' which listed sample performances of pupils in reading, writing, language, and arithmetic. This instrument was used to measure ______ of excellence.

J.M. Rice, an American school administrator, started the development of objective tests in ______.

E.L. Thorndike made notable contributions to educational and psychological measurements. He published the first edition of his book 'Mental and Social Measurements' in ______.

In 1908, C.W. Stone constructed 2 tests in arithmetic. The first test dealt with fundamental operations and the second test dealt with arithmetic ______.

S.A. Courtis originated the concept of norms and ______.

In 1909, M. Hillegas constructed the 'Hillegas Composition Scale' in ________

The first great name in quantitative psychology is Gustav Theodore ________

Max Meyer, Johnson Starch, and Elliott found out that no 2 teachers could give the same mark to the same piece of academic work if they checked the work ________

In 1860, H.L.F. Helmholtz published his book entitled 'Elemente der Psychophysik' which contained the beginnings of quantitative psychological ________

G. Stanley Hall established a psychological laboratory at the John Hopkins University, United States, in ________