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Questions and Answers
Which mode of transmission involves the transfer of infection through coughing and sneezing?
Which mode of transmission involves the transfer of infection through coughing and sneezing?
- Droplet Infection (correct)
- Fomite Borne
- Indirect Contact
- Vector Borne
Which of the following best describes transplacental transmission?
Which of the following best describes transplacental transmission?
- Infection from contaminated surfaces
- Infection from water sources
- Pathogen crossing the placenta during pregnancy (correct)
- Infection spread by unclean hands
What is an example of vehicle-borne transmission?
What is an example of vehicle-borne transmission?
- Infection through saliva droplets
- Infection from soil
- Infection from contaminated water (correct)
- Infection via insect bites
Which of the following is NOT classified as direct transmission?
Which of the following is NOT classified as direct transmission?
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Which environmental factor can influence the susceptibility of hosts to infections?
Which environmental factor can influence the susceptibility of hosts to infections?
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Study Notes
Modes of Transmission
- Disease transmission occurs from a reservoir of infection to a susceptible host via defined pathways known as modes of transmission.
Direct Transmission
- Direct Contact: Infection can occur through skin-to-skin contact or mucosal contact between individuals, e.g., STDs, AIDS, leprosy.
- Droplet Infection: Coughing and sneezing can release small droplets containing infectious agents into the air.
- Contact with Soil: Diseases may spread through contact with contaminated soil or waste.
- Inoculation: Pathogens can be directly introduced into body tissues through injections or other means.
- Transplacental: Pathogens may cross the placenta, infecting the fetus during pregnancy.
Indirect Transmission
- Vehicle Borne: Pathogens can be transmitted through contaminated water or milk.
- Vector Borne: Transmission may occur through biological or mechanical vectors, such as insects.
- Airborne: Diseases can spread via droplet nuclei or dust particles suspended in the air.
- Fomite Borne: Contaminated objects, such as soiled linens, can carry infectious agents.
- Unclean Hands and Fingers: Poor hygiene practices can facilitate the spread of infections.
Environment
- External environmental factors like living conditions, healthcare access, and sanitation practices play a crucial role in the susceptibility of hosts to infections.
- Improved sanitation and healthcare access can significantly reduce exposure to infectious agents.
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