40 Questions
Which aspect of epidemiology refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person?
Pattern
In epidemiology, what does frequency refer to?
The number of health events in a population
What do epidemiologists assume about illness in a population?
Illness happens when the right accumulation of risk factors exists
What distinguishes how epidemiologists and direct health care providers view the patient?
Whether they focus on individual health or collective health
Which type of data collection method is typically associated with qualitative epidemiology?
Field observations
Who is considered the father of modern vital statistics and surveillance in epidemiology?
William Farr
What was John Snow's contribution to the field of epidemiology during the cholera outbreak in London?
He linked exposure to illness through hypothesis testing
Which characteristic is NOT associated with analytic studies in epidemiology?
Describing an outbreak in terms of person, place, time
What distinguishes public health surveillance from field investigations in epidemiology?
Public health surveillance portrays patterns of disease
How did Hippocrates contribute to epidemiology in his essay 'On Airs, Waters, and Places'?
By suggesting environmental factors influence disease
What is the main role of epidemiologists in public health settings?
Providing input, testimony, and recommendations regarding disease control strategies
Why do case definitions in epidemiology sometimes change over time?
As more information is obtained
What is the advantage of a sensitive case definition in epidemiology?
Includes most or all of the true cases
How does an epidemiologist compare rates over time?
By dividing the number of cases by the population size per unit of time
What are the components of a case definition in epidemiology?
Lab tests, signs, and symptoms
What type of data comparison would be most relevant for Exercise 1.1 question 1?
Comparing food intake of persons with Staphylococcus food poisoning to those without
What makes Exercise 1.2 unique compared to Exercise 1.1?
Exercise 1.2 involves tracking West Nile virus infection cases
Which exercise involves the recommendation of Rifampin for close contacts due to a specific disease outbreak?
Exercise 1.1 question 5
What type of comparison is mentioned in Exercise 1.1 question 2?
Cancer frequency comparison between specific groups
What would be the main focus of Exercise 1.2 based on the provided text?
Investigating a West Nile virus outbreak among residents
In analytic epidemiology, what is the key feature that helps identify and quantify the relationship between an exposure and a health outcome?
Comparison group
Which type of study begins by enrolling individuals with a specific disease?
Case-control study
What is the main characteristic of Rothman's Pie model of disease causation?
All pieces of the pie must fall into place for a disease to occur
Which of the following represents the correct sequence in the chain of infection?
Portal of Exit -> Mode of Transmission -> Portal of Entry
What type of reservoir is represented by plants, soil, and water in the context of infections?
Environmental reservoir
What is the term used to describe the proportion of exposed persons who become infected by a pathogen?
Infectivity
Which factor is NOT considered as a risk factor influencing a host's susceptibility to a disease?
Meteorology
What does the term 'Hyperendemic' refer to in the context of disease occurrence?
An often sudden increase of cases at a higher than expected level
When considering the modes of transmission, which of the following is an example of indirect transmission?
Vehicleborne transmission
What aspect of the Epidemiologic Triad relates to the infectious microorganism or pathogen necessary for disease occurrence?
Agent
What is a common feature of a Point Source outbreak?
Group exposed over a relatively brief period
Which characteristic is typical of a Continuous Common Source outbreak?
Exposure to the infectious agent occurs over days or weeks
What type of outbreak has cases occurring over more than one incubation period?
Propagated Mixed Outbreak
Which model includes components such as the triad, chain of infection, and pie difference?
Epidemiologic functions
In which type of transmission do cases occur over more than one incubation period?
Propagated
What is a characteristic of a mixed outbreak?
'Cases occur over more than one incubation periods'
'Continuous Common Source' outbreaks involve case-patients exposed over which time frame?
'Weeks'
'Intermittent Common Source' outbreaks exhibit what kind of exposure pattern?
'Irregular exposure'
'Propagated' transmission typically involves which mode of spread?
'Direct person-to-person'
'Common-source' outbreaks may be classified as which of the following?
'Point, continuous, intermittent'
Learn about the different modes of transmission for pathogens, including direct contact, droplet spread, airborne, vehicleborne, and vectorborne. Explore how pathogens enter a susceptible host through various portals of entry.
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