Modernization Attempts: Communist Revolution in China
48 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was one significant outcome of the Campaign to Suppress Counter-Revolutionaries from 1950 to 1952?

  • Over 800,000 counter-revolutionaries were executed (correct)
  • Public ownership was immediately established
  • It eliminated all KMT officials
  • Economic production increased by 50%

    • What major issue did the 'Three Anti' movement aim to address?

  • The privatization of state-owned enterprises
  • Foreign investment oversight
  • Counter-revolutionary activities
  • Corruption, waste, and bureaucracy (correct)

    • How quickly did the CPC complete the transition to socialism, contrary to Mao's original 20-year plan?

  • In 10 years
  • In 1 year
  • In 3 years (correct)
  • In 5 years

    • What was a consequence of local authorities trying to meet targets quickly during the Campaign to Suppress Counter-Revolutionaries?

    <p>Miscarriages of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which campaign was initiated in 1952 to combat bribery and theft of state property?

    <p>Five Anti Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the 'Three Anti' and 'Five Anti' movements have on the Chinese economy?

    <p>They worsened the economy by shutting down many factories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main reasons the CPC initiated the suppression of counter-revolutionaries?

    <p>To combat threats to political stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence for landlords during the agricultural changes in the early 1950s?

    <p>Many were jailed or executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Mao's objective in proposing the General Line for Socialist Construction?

    <p>To achieve faster and better economic results in socialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the anti-rightist movement primarily target?

    <p>Silencing all forms of dissent against Mao's policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant cultural impact of the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution?

    <p>Destruction of countless historic buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary concern of Mao regarding Sino-Soviet relations post-1956?

    <p>The possibility of losing Soviet aid due to ideological differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle was highlighted in one of the principal strategies of the economic program?

    <p>Industry and agriculture should develop simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a limitation of socialist modernization during the Maoist period?

    <p>Violating the rule of law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage did China's industrial output rise to during the Maoist period?

    <p>Over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which consequence resulted from the irrational participation of masses in social affairs?

    <p>Distorted humanity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to nearly complete breakdown of China's relations with Western countries?

    <p>Attacks on foreign legations by the Red Guards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects Mao's approach towards iron and steel production?

    <p>Encouraging nationwide participation in smelting through backyard furnaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant aspect of the People's Communes established in 1958?

    <p>They were merged from agricultural producers' cooperatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Mao's approach to dissidents during the Cultural Revolution?

    <p>Mobilizing the masses to struggle against them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the major focuses of China's development during the Maoist era?

    <p>Heavy industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'one horse taking the lead' refer to in Mao's economic strategy?

    <p>The focus on one primary industry over all others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mao's policies affect China's educational and cultural development?

    <p>They halted cultural and educational development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did regionalism impact the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC)?

    <p>It led to military conflicts and division among warlords.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average size of a commune in terms of peasant households?

    <p>5,000 peasant households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a characteristic of China's heavy industry development under Mao?

    <p>It successfully increased total industrial output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the outcomes of China's growing military strength during Mao's era?

    <p>National defense capabilities strengthened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main challenges faced by the Communist Party of China (CPC) during Mao's period?

    <p>Divisions within the party slowing down modernization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant demographic change in China between 1949 and 1974?

    <p>Rapid population growth from 500 to 900 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the Cultural Revolution on China's cultural heritage?

    <p>Destruction of historical artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key international recognition did China achieve first in 1950?

    <p>Recognition by Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of heavy emphasis on industrialization during the Maoist period?

    <p>Food shortages and hunger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main strategy did Sun Yat-sen advocate regarding the relationship with the communists?

    <p>Alliance with the Soviets and inclusion of the communists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Communists aim to achieve through land reforms during Mao's leadership?

    <p>Gain support from rural peasants by redistributing land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the establishment of the Chinese Soviet Republic?

    <p>Formation of the 1st CPC base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact did the Long March have on the Communist Party?

    <p>It spread communist ideas to 11 provinces despite heavy casualties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main concerns of KMT leaders regarding the CPC during the period mentioned?

    <p>The CPC's efforts to build a power base within the KMT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many base areas did the CPC establish by the time of the events described?

    <p>At least 10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which campaign did the Red Army suffer heavy casualties?

    <p>The 5th Encirclement Campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the CPC play during the Northern Expedition?

    <p>Actively carried out mass movements to extend their influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 'Double Tenth Negotiation'?

    <p>The KMT was acknowledged as the legitimate government by the CPC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hindered the US mediation efforts during the civil conflict?

    <p>The CPC's refusal to lay down arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributed to the increasing strength of the CPC after World War II?

    <p>Military supplies left by Japan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leadership quality contributed to Mao's popularity among Chinese peasants?

    <p>His self-discipline and guerilla tactics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the geographical significance of the CPC's base areas?

    <p>They covered 2.28 million square kilometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event marked the establishment of the People's Republic of China?

    <p>Mao's declaration on October 1st.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary reason for peasant support towards the CPC?

    <p>CPC's promises of land reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the CPC's political strategy enabled it to seize power by force?

    <p>The military strength gained after WWII.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Early Attempts at Modernization - Communist Revolution & Establishment of PRC

    • Founding of the CPC (1921): Comintern agent Voitinsky facilitated the establishment of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Shanghai in 1921.
    • Reasons for communism's rise:
      • China's weakness from foreign powers following the 1911 Revolution.
      • Lack of improvement in people's livelihood under warlords.
      • Intellectuals' questioning of Western democracy's effectiveness.
      • Russia's successful communist revolution in 1917 provided an alternative model.
    • Comintern's role: The Comintern, established by Russia, aimed to spread communism globally and actively supported the CPC's formation and early efforts.
    • May Fourth Movement: This movement, occurring in the 1910s, disillusioned Chinese intellectuals toward Western countries, accelerating support for communism.

    The First United Front (1924-1927)

    • Sun Yat-sen's reorganization of the KMT: Sun Yat-sen, recognizing the KMT's weakness, sought cooperation with the CPC.
    • Policy of alliance: The KMT adopted a policy of alliance with the Soviets and Communists to eliminate warlords.
    • Comintern instructions: The CPC followed Comintern instructions to cooperate with the KMT while spreading communism.
    • Mutual goals: Both parties initially shared the goal of uniting China against foreign powers and warlords.

    The 1st Nationalist-Communist Split (1927-1937)

    • Party purge in 1927: Jiang Jieshi purged CPC members from the KMT.
    • Ideological differences: Fundamental ideological differences between the CPC and KMT led to a split.
    • Sovie Republic: The failure of the Communist uprisings led to the establishment of a communist republic in Jiangxi province.
    • Long March (1934-1935): As the CPC was weakened, they embarked on a long retreat into surrounding provinces to escape KMT.

    The 2nd United Front (1937-1945)

    • Japanese invasion: The Japanese invasion of China provided common ground for the CPC and KMT.
    • Unified front: The two parties formed a united front to resist the Japanese aggression.
    • Xian Incident (1936): Jiang Jieshi was kidnapped to secure the cooperation between Communist and Nationalist parties.
    • Increased relations: The common enemy fostered closer cooperation for a brief time.

    The Establishment of PRC (1949)

    • Mao's proclamation: Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China in Beijing on Oct 1, 1949.
    • KMT retreat: The KMT retreated to Taiwan.
    • New political system: A new political system was formed based on one-party rule under CPC's leadership.
    • The system's structure: This structure prioritized a party political structure parallel to the state with numerous parallel bodies.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Exploration in Socialist Road (2) PDF

    Description

    Explore the early attempts at modernization in China, focusing on the Communist Revolution and the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This quiz delves into the founding of the CPC, the May Fourth Movement, and the role of the Comintern in the rise of communism in China.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser