Questions and Answers
What crop failure led to hundreds of deaths in Ireland in the mid-1840s?
Potatoes
Which continent did European sailors reach after founding a sea route to Asia?
South America
What mineral was mentioned as being sold by Europeans to finance their trade to Asia?
Silver
During which time period did the Indians have known 'lusting bands'?
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What event caused the entry of Europeans to expand the flows to Europe?
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What did Christopher Columbus accidentally discover?
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Which common food items were not known in Europe before Christopher Columbus's discovery of America?
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How did the introduction of potatoes impact Europe?
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What is an example of long-distance cultural exchange mentioned in the text?
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In what modern world location is an island mentioned for showcasing food interconnection?
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How did diseases contribute to the European conquest in Asia?
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What was the most powerful weapon used by Spanish conquerors?
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How did diseases spread into Asia before Europeans arrived?
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What effect did diseases have on the original inhabitants of Asia?
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Why were diseases considered a deadly killer in the context of European conquest?
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What type of goods were carried by travelers and traders along the silk routes?
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Which continents were linked by the silk routes during the Victorian era?
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What is one of the characteristics of the travelers using the silk routes?
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Which term is used to describe the vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links facilitated by the silk routes?
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What is one common misconception regarding the goods transported along the silk routes?
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During the 18th century, which region emerged as the center of world trade?
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What was a common activity that people from Europe engaged in after leaving Europe in the 18th century?
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Which group of people was often used for working on plantation farms during the 18th century?
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What led to the rising importance of America in world trade during the 18th century?
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Why did China's role reduce in Asian trade during the 18th century?
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Study Notes
The Emergence of the Modern World
- The Irish peasants became dependent on potatoes, but a crop failure in the mid-1840s led to the deaths of hundreds of people due to starvation.
European Expansion and Trade
- European sailors discovered a new route to Asia and eventually reached America, which led to the exchange of goods, diseases, and ideas.
- The discovery of America by Europeans introduced new minerals, crops, and resources to the global market.
- European traders sold these materials to finance their trade and acquired precious metals like silver from present-day Peru and Mexico.
Interconnection of Food in the Modern World
- Food played a significant role in the interconnection of the modern world, with many common foods like potatoes, soya, and tomatoes originating from America.
- The introduction of potatoes in Europe enabled people to eat better and live longer.
- Christopher Columbus's accidental discovery of America led to the transfer of new crops, including chilli and maize.
Conquest and Disease
- The Spanish conquest of America was not due to superior force, but largely because of the deadly diseases they carried, such as smallpox, which decimated native populations.
- Smallpox spread quickly, killing entire communities and paving the way for European conquest.
The Silk Route
- The Silk Route was a network of land and sea routes that connected Asia with Europe and northern Africa.
- This route was established before the Christian era and facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures.
- The Silk Route was known for the transportation of silk, spices, and other commodities.
The Emergence of a Global World
- In the 16th century, Europe was plagued by poverty, hunger, and disease, leading to the migration of thousands of people to America.
- Many of these migrants started plantation farming, which relied on slave labor.
- The 18th century saw a shift in economic power, with China and India initially dominating world trade, but eventually, Europe emerged as the center of world trade.
- The rise of America and the discovery of new resources gradually moved the center of trade westward.
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