Modern World History Chapter 12 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is opium?

A narcotic from the poppy plant that found a market in China.

What crop was the basis of China's agricultural economy?

Rice.

What did the Treaty of Nanjing grant to Britain?

The island of Hong Kong.

What was the Opium War?

<p>A conflict between Britain and China over Britain's opium trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are extraterritorial rights?

<p>An exemption of foreign residents from the laws of a country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Taiping Rebellion?

<p>A mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China led by Hong Xiuquan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sphere of influence?

<p>A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Open Door Policy?

<p>A policy proposed by the United States in 1899 for equal trade opportunities in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

<p>A revolt in China in 1900 aimed at ending foreign influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is nationalism?

<p>A feeling that emerged in China partly as a result of the Boxer Rebellion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Treaty of Kanagawa?

<p>An 1854 agreement that opened two Japanese ports to U.S. ships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Meiji era?

<p>The period of Japanese history from 1867 to 1912, ruled by Emperor Mutsuhito.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Russo-Japanese War?

<p>A conflict between Russia and Japan over dominance in Manchuria and Korea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is annexation?

<p>The adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Matthew Perry?

<p>A U.S. Commodore who sailed in Tokyo harbor to open Japan for trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sino-Japanese War?

<p>War between China and Japan over Korea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a caudillo?

<p>A military dictator of a Latin American country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Monroe Doctrine?

<p>A U.S. policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jose Marti?

<p>A writer who led a second war for Cuban independence from Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Spanish-American War?

<p>An 1898 conflict in which the U.S. supported Cubans' fight for independence from Spain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Panama Canal?

<p>A human-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Roosevelt Corollary?

<p>An extension of the Monroe Doctrine declaring that the U.S. could exercise police power in the Western Hemisphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peonage?

<p>A system under which Latin Americans passed debt from one generation to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna play in Mexico?

<p>He played a leading role in Mexico's fight for independence and served as president.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Benito Juarez?

<p>A liberal reformer known for his honesty and integrity who led La Reforma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Porfirio Diaz?

<p>A caudillo who controlled Mexico from the 1870s, known for increasing inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Francisco Madero?

<p>A revolutionary leader who believed in democracy and called for a revolution against Diaz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Francisco 'Pancho' Villa known for?

<p>Taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Emiliano Zapata?

<p>A revolutionary who wanted to restore land to peasants and farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Venustiano Carranza?

<p>A politician who sought to overthrow Huerta and revised Mexico's constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was La Reforma?

<p>A liberal reform movement in 19th century Mexico aimed at land redistribution and educational opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Opium and Trade

  • Opium is a narcotic derived from the poppy plant, becoming a significant commodity in the Chinese market.
  • Rice served as the backbone of China’s agricultural economy, essential for sustenance.

Treaties and Conflicts

  • The Treaty of Nanjing was established post-Opium War, transferring control of Hong Kong to Britain.
  • The Opium War (1839-1842) highlighted the tensions between Britain and China over opium trade issues.
  • Extraterritorial rights granted exemptions to foreign residents from local laws, affecting sovereignty.

Social Uprisings and Nationalism

  • The Taiping Rebellion was a major uprising against the Qing Dynasty, driven by leader Hong Xiuquan's ideology.
  • The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 was a nationalist uprising aimed at expelling foreign influence from China.

Economic Policies

  • The Open Door Policy, proposed by the U.S. in 1899, aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China.
  • A sphere of influence refers to regions where foreign nations exert control over trade and economics.

Japan's Opening and Modernization

  • The Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) allowed U.S. ships to access Japanese ports, marking Japan's opening to the West.
  • The Meiji era (1867-1912) was a transformative period for Japan, marked by rapid modernization under Emperor Mutsuhito.

Conflicts in East Asia

  • The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) stemmed from competition for dominance in Manchuria and Korea.
  • The Sino-Japanese War involved conflict between China and Japan over control of Korea.

Latin American Political Landscape

  • Caudillos were military dictators who held power in various Latin American nations.
  • The Monroe Doctrine (1823) opposed European interference in Latin America, asserting U.S. influence in the region.

Key Figures in Cuban Independence

  • José Martí, an exiled Cuban writer, returned to initiate a renewed fight for Cuban independence from Spain.
  • The Spanish-American War (1898) was fueled by U.S. support for Cuban independence efforts.

Infrastructure and Policy Developments

  • The Panama Canal, completed in 1914, connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, facilitating maritime trade.
  • The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) expanded the Monroe Doctrine, asserting a U.S. right to intervene in Latin American affairs.

Social Issues in Latin America

  • Peonage was a debt system binding laborers to landowners, perpetuating cycles of poverty.
  • Political leaders like Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, Benito Juárez, and Francisco Madero played crucial roles in shaping Mexico’s political future.

Revolutionary Figures in Mexico

  • Emiliano Zapata aimed to reclaim land for peasants, leading a significant revolutionary force against established leaders.
  • Venustiano Carranza sought to power after Huerta, ultimately revising the Mexican constitution while navigating complex civil conflicts.

La Reforma Movement

  • La Reforma was initiated by Benito Juárez focusing on land redistribution, church-state separation, and educational reforms for the poor.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key terms from Modern World History Chapter 12. Explore significant concepts such as the Opium War, the Treaty of Nanjing, and the agricultural importance of rice in China. Perfect for students seeking to deepen their understanding of historical events and their impacts.

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