Modern Urban Diseases: Cancer, Heart Disease

Modern Urban Diseases

• Fatal diseases such as cancer, pneumonia, heart disease and stroke are non-infectious, excluding pneumonia, which is infectious
• Uncontrolled proliferation and growth of cells in the body cause cancer, and cancerous cells can affect the normal functioning of body organs
• Heart disease is caused by the accumulation of fat in the coronary arteries, which obstructs blood flow, leading to myocardial ischemia
• Stroke is caused by the blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain which deprives the brain of oxygen and nutrients
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
• Blood is pumped by the heart, circulating throughout the body via blood vessels
• The circulation transports oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, carrying away carbon dioxide and waste
• Healthy eating habits, regular exercise, and maintaining a light-hearted mood are helpful in preventing heart disease

Asthma and Diabetes

• Asthma results from hypersensitivity of the respiratory system
• Bronchial tubes constrict rapidly, causing breathing difficulties and wheezing during an asthma attack
• Avoid strenuous exercise and polluted places to reduce the chance of developing asthma
• Obesity and poor dietary habits can lead to diabetes
• Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure
• Good eating habits, adequate sleep, and a good mental state can promote health and reduce the chance of developing diseases

Hong Kong's Geography

• Hong Kong has many mountains and little flat land
• Flat land is relatively dispersed, mostly concentrated in Kowloon, the northern New Territories and the northwest
• There is limited land available for development in Hong Kong
• The government has implemented a policy of moving mountains and filling the sea to increase land supply, developing new towns, expanding the scope of cities, and connecting different areas through the development of transport networks
• Available construction land area is still insufficient, buildings are densely packed and spread towards the sky, resulting in a cramped living environment for many people
• Land development changes the natural environment and affects the environment in which plants and animals live
• Land development should be well planned to balance social needs and environmental protection, to achieve sustainable development in Hong Kong

Geographical Location of Hong Kong

• The world and Asia maps show that Hong Kong is located in Asia, in the southeastern part of China
• A map of Hong Kong shows the three major districts of Hong Kong
• A street map of Hong Kong shows the streets, buildings and other information from different regions of Hong Kong

Map Drawing and Usage

• Maps are often used to find places during field trips
• Symbols on a map represent different things, and map legends can help to decipher the symbols
• Latitude and longitude coordinates can help us to find the location of objects on a map
• Maps can be drawn to present information, e.g. simple maps can be used for field trip routes
• Electronic maps have many functions, such as quickly searching for the location of destinations and planning routes, bringing convenience to life
• When planning a route using an electronic map, enter the name of the destination in the search bar, and then press "search route"
• The screen will display the suggested walking route and the time required, with directions and street view services, to determine whether the direction of travel is correct.
• Draw the route of the field trip, and mark the starting and ending points
• Use simple symbols to represent the landmarks and nearby objects, and draw them according to the location of the objects
• Include elements that make up the map, such as titles, legends, and directional markers
• Draw the field trip route

Natural Environment of Hong Kong

• Hong Kong has many mountains and little flat land
• Flat land is relatively dispersed, with most of the major flat land in Kowloon, and the northern and western New Territories
• The government carries out mountain moving and sea reclamation policies, develops new towns to increase land supply and expands the urban area, through transport links that connect separate regions
• Usable building plots are still insufficient, apartments are packed tightly together so they expand upwards
• Soil and land development not only changes the natural environment, but also affects the animals and plants that live there
• There should be good land development plans which balance the needs of society with environmental protection, for Hong Kong to have sustainable development
• High-rise buildings obstruct ventilation and worsen air pollution
• They hinder air flow, narrow streets, raise temperatures, increase the spread of infectious diseases, and harm residents' health

Explore non-infectious diseases like cancer, heart disease, and stroke. Learn about the causes, such as cell proliferation in cancer and fat accumulation in heart disease. Understand the circulatory system's role and preventive measures.