Modern Tourism and Its Evolution

Questions and Answers

What two technological developments significantly influenced tourism in the 19th century?

Automobile and jet engine

Bicycle and electric tram

Railway and steam power (correct)

Telegraph and telephone

Who is often referred to as the 'Father of tourism'?

William Fargo

Thomas Cook (correct)

Richard Branson

Henry Wells

What was the significance of the first excursion train trip organized by Thomas Cook in 1841?

It marked the creation of the first tourist guide.

It included a free vacation for the passengers.

It introduced the concept of luxury travel.

It initiated the concept of organized group travel. (correct)

What innovation did Thomas Cook introduce in 1874 that facilitated travel?

Circular notes Signup and view all the answers

Which company was founded in the United States at the same time as tourism started to become organized?

American Express Signup and view all the answers

What impact did railroads have on tourism in the 19th century?

They provided reliable and cheap transportation, thus increasing competition. Signup and view all the answers

What played a significant role in the growth of coastal resorts during the 19th century?

Introduction of steamers for day-trip cruises Signup and view all the answers

Which guidebook became the leading guide for European countries towards the end of the 19th century?

Baedecker Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to an increased interest in foreign travel after World War I?

First-hand experiences of combatants in different countries Signup and view all the answers

How did World War II affect the patterns of travel in the 20th century?

It sparked new interests in cultures and regions. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the introduction of the Boeing 707 in 1958?

It led to the decline of travel by train. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did post-war economic prosperity have on tourism?

Increased affordability of international travel. Signup and view all the answers

Which form of transportation saw a decline due to the rise of motor vehicles?

Railway travel Signup and view all the answers

What role did mass communication play in tourism during the 20th century?

It stimulated curiosity about other countries. Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change in travel behavior noted in the post-war years?

A shift towards using private cars for travel. Signup and view all the answers

How did improvements in air transport affect international tourism in the 1960s and 1970s?

They facilitated growth in transcontinental travel. Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the increase in demand for hired cars on holidays overseas?

Post-war economic recovery Signup and view all the answers

By the 1970s, what trend was observed regarding vacations among the general population?

Two vacations a year became common Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of governments creating more vacation time?

Expansion of business travel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries emerged as new tourism-generating countries in the 1970s?

Oil-rich Arab countries and Japan Signup and view all the answers

What role is increasingly recognized for international travel?

Means of promoting world peace and prosperity Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of economic impact is NOT mentioned in the content?

Technology advancement Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor for the prosperity of the Sumerians?

Skill in farming and cattle breeding Signup and view all the answers

Around what year did the recorded history of the hospitality industry begin with the Sumerians?

4000 BC Signup and view all the answers

What was the European contribution to the hotel industry?

The European plan allowing separate payment for room and meals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following innovations was NOT mentioned as emerging in the nineteenth century?

Drive-in restaurants. Signup and view all the answers

What did Walter Anderson and Billy Ingraham establish in 1921?

The White Castle hamburger chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is noteworthy about the Rainbow Room that opened in 1934?

It was an art deco restaurant that marked the reemergence of New York's glamour. Signup and view all the answers

Which restaurant chain opened in the 1970s as part of the restaurant industry's expansions?

Red Lobster. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major trend in the hospitality industry after World War II?

Rapid development of hotels and coffee shops at highway intersections. Signup and view all the answers

Which corporations expanded significantly in the hospitality industry during the 1970s?

Four Seasons, Marriott, and Hilton. Signup and view all the answers

What economic period did the hospitality industry experience starting in the 1990s?

Downturn due to the Gulf War and corporate downsizing. Signup and view all the answers

What contributed to the Philippines becoming a 'bargain destination' for foreign visitors?

Improved safety and sanitation facilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the major reason for the temporary 'tourist boom' in the Philippines during the early 70s?

The establishment of more airline frequencies Signup and view all the answers

In comparison to other Asian destinations, how does the Philippines rank in terms of tourist arrivals?

It is in the tail-end of arrivals Signup and view all the answers

Which region has significant travel flows between the United States and Western Europe?

South America and the Caribbean Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern for travel to Africa, typically observed?

One-way travel originating from Europe Signup and view all the answers

Which city is NOT listed among the most frequently visited by tourists in Europe?

Lisbon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries ranks highest in generating international travel?

Japan Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for Europe's large share of the worldwide travel market?

Popularity of intracontinental travel Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Modern Tourism

Escape from responsibilities led working-class individuals to seek holidays in the countryside and by the sea, resulting in the development of resorts near industrial centers.
Thomas Cook is recognized as the "Father of Tourism," revolutionizing travel organization and mass tourism in the 19th century.
The introduction of railways and steam power in the early 19th century significantly boosted tourism by providing affordable transportation and increasing competition in the hospitality sector.
Cook's first excursion in 1841 carried 570 passengers from Leicester to Loughborough, charging a round-trip fare of one shilling, establishing a model for future organized travel.
In 1874, Cook introduced "circular notes," precursors to modern travelers' checks accepted at banks and hotels.
Other notable tour companies established during this era included Dean and Dawson (1871), Polytechnic Touring Association (1872), and Frames (1881).
The rise of photography and guidebooks in the late 19th century aided tourism, with Baedecker becoming a leading guide series for European destinations.

Tourism in the 20th Century

The early 20th century saw expanded pleasure travel due to rising wealth, curiosity, and the easing of movement post-World War I.
The war altered travel patterns, with increased international interest stemming from soldiers' experiences abroad.
Mass communication, including cinema and television, enhanced curiosity about different countries leading to the decline of rail travel as cars became more popular.
World War II also generated interest in travel as combatants were exposed to new cultures, leading to advancements in aircraft technology.
The introduction of Boeing 707 jets in 1958 marked the beginning of mass air travel, significantly reducing travel times.
Economic recovery after the war increased private car ownership, facilitating spontaneous travel and short-stay holidays.
The demand for hired cars abroad and flexible travel packages grew substantially during this time.
By the 1970s, two vacations a year became common, reflecting the shift of vacationing from a luxury to a necessity.
Global tourism patterns evolved with new players emerging, particularly oil-rich Arab nations and Japan, enhancing travel to Asia and reshaping established trends.

Economic Impact of Tourism

Tourism is a key driver for job creation and foreign exchange earnings, impacting local economies positively.
Job generation includes direct employment within the tourism sector, indirect jobs in related industries, and induced employment stemming from increased economic activity.

Historical Context of Hospitality

The hospitality industry traces back to the Sumerians around 4000 BC, who thrived as skilled farmers and cattle breeders in Mesopotamia.
Innovations in hospitality, including the European plan for accommodations, separated room charges from meal costs, allowing flexibility in dining choices.
The emergence of fast-food chains like White Castle in the early 20th century reflected societal shifts towards convenience and dining culture.
Growth in restaurant establishments post-World War II, including the rise of drive-in options and fast-food variety.
The 1990s recession following the Gulf War prompted significant downsizing in the hospitality industry, but recovery post-1993 saw a revival in tourism, particularly in destinations like the Philippines.

Travel Patterns and Statistics

Major travel flows exist between the US and Western Europe, with secondary flows noted among South America, the Caribbean, and Asia.
Frequent air traffic routes include New York to London and key European intra-continental travel among cities like London and Paris.
Top travel-generating countries ranked: United States, Germany, UK, Canada, Japan, France, Netherlands, Mexico, Switzerland, and Australia.
Europe accounts for about half of overseas visitors to the United States, bolstering its dominance in the global travel market.

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Description

Explore the origins and development of modern tourism, focusing on significant figures like Thomas Cook and technological advancements in the 19th century. Learn how the rise of railways and seaside resorts transformed travel for the working class. This quiz delves into the impact of these changes on society and leisure.