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Questions and Answers
Foucault called his method 'the archaeology of ______'
knowledge
Foucault analyzed unacknowledged areas like psychological disorders, science of medicine, and prison ______
administration
According to Marx, human history is the history of ______ struggle
class
Marx stated that the class that owns the means of production economically exploits the rest of the ______
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'Das Kapital' is a treatise written by ______
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The 'Annales School' of historiography arose in ______
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Historical research in modern historiography focuses on understanding the chronology of past events and their ______.
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Modern historiography emphasizes the importance of using the empirical method in physical and natural sciences, which involves laboratory experiments and ______.
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In modern historiography, scholars examine historical documents for authenticity based on criteria such as lettering style, author's style of writing, manufacturing date, type of paper, and stamps of ______.
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Historical research in modern historiography requires experts who are knowledgeable in the language and script of historical documents to read and understand their ______.
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The development of scientific perspective in Europe has influenced modern historiography by introducing methods that focus on verification of knowledge through ______.
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Modern historiography acknowledges that historical events cannot be recreated due to the limitations of time and space, which is why the empirical method is not feasible in historical ______.
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René Descartes was the foremost among scholars who insisted on verifying the reliability of historical documents by critically examining them. Among the rules given by him in his book 'Discourse on the method', the following is supposed to have a great impact on the scientific method of research: Never to accept anything for true till all grounds of doubt are excluded. This approach emphasizes the importance of __________ in modern historiography.
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Modern historiography is characterized by four main features. One of these characteristics is the emphasis on _________ reliable evidence to support answers to historical questions.
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History presents a graph of mankind’s journey with the help of past human deeds. According to the text, the roots of modern historiography with its characteristics can be traced back to ancient Greek historical writings. This indicates that the development of historiography has a connection with ancient Greek historian __________.
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Herodotus, the Greek historian of the fifth century B.C.E., used the term 'History' first for his book entitled 'The Histories'. This term 'History' is of ________ origin.
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The text mentions that the modern historiography has its roots in ancient Greek historical writings. This implies that modern historiography is influenced by the historical perspective of ________ civilizations.
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Until the eighteenth century C.E., Europe had achieved remarkable progress in the fields of Philosophy and Science. Scholars by then had come to believe in the possibility of studying social and historical truths by applying ________ methods.
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Study Notes
Foucault's Method
- Foucault termed his approach 'the archaeology of knowledge.'
- He explored unacknowledged aspects such as psychological disorders, the science of medicine, and prison systems.
Marx's Perspective on History
- Marx viewed human history as primarily a history of class struggle.
- He claimed that the owning class exploits the rest of society economically.
- 'Das Kapital' is a critical economic treatise authored by Karl Marx.
Annales School of Historiography
- The 'Annales School' emerged in the early 20th century and revolutionized historical analysis.
Modern Historiography
- Focuses on understanding the chronology of past events alongside their contexts.
- Stresses the empirical method, borrowed from natural sciences, which includes laboratory experiments.
- Scholars critically evaluate historical documents for authenticity using criteria like lettering styles, author's writing style, manufacturing dates, paper types, and stamps.
- Requires specialists proficient in the language and script of historical documents for interpretation.
Influence of Scientific Perspective
- The scientific perspective introduced verification methods for historical knowledge.
- Acknowledges that historical events cannot be replicated due to temporal and spatial constraints, making the empirical method less applicable.
Descartes and Historical Reliability
- René Descartes emphasized the critical examination of historical documents for reliability.
- His rule in 'Discourse on the Method' advises against accepting anything as true until all doubts have been eliminated.
Characteristics of Modern Historiography
- Emphasizes the necessity of reliable evidence to substantiate historical claims.
- Presents human history as a graph reflecting mankind's journey through past actions.
Roots of Modern Historiography
- Modern historiography can trace its origins back to ancient Greek historical writings, indicating a historical link with this era.
- Herodotus, who lived in the fifth century B.C.E., was the first to use the term 'History' in his work 'The Histories'.
- The term 'History' has Greek origins, highlighting the cultural influences on modern historiography.
Philosophical and Scientific Progress
- By the eighteenth century, Europe experienced significant advancements in Philosophy and Science.
- Scholars began to believe in the possibility of employing scientific methods to study social and historical truths.
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Description
Test your knowledge on modern historiography and the contributions of René Descartes to historical document verification. Explore key characteristics and rules proposed by Descartes in this quiz.
