Modern ERP Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Presentation Tier in a three-tier architecture?

  • Processing business logic and calculations
  • Mediating between data and application tiers
  • User interaction and data display (correct)
  • Data storage and management

    • Which of the following best describes the Application Tier in a three-tier architecture?

  • Processes requests and contains business logic (correct)
  • Manages user sessions and authentication
  • Handles CRUD operations on databases
  • Displays visual elements to the users

    • What is a significant advantage of using a three-tier architecture?

  • Reduced overall cost of hardware requirements
  • Simplified communication protocols between layers
  • Enhanced user experience through better graphics
  • Separation of concerns for scalability and maintainability (correct)

    • Which database systems are considered part of the Data Tier in a three-tier architecture?

    <p>MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes customization from configuration in software development?

    <p>Configuration alters software options, while customization involves deeper modifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'vanilla' refer to in software development?

    <p>The default version of software in its original state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'bolt-ons' in the context of software systems?

    <p>Additional features that enhance product functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tier of the three-tier architecture typically uses technologies like React or Angular?

    <p>Presentation Tier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the qualities of the three-tier architecture?

    <p>The application tier can process requests independently of the data tier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the role of the data tier in a three-tier architecture?

    <p>It manages data storage, retrieval, and manipulation through database systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the three-tier architecture, how does separation of concerns benefit application development?

    <p>It allows for technology upgrades in one layer without disrupting others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of three-tier architecture contributes most to its flexibility?

    <p>The use of different technologies for each layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does configuration differ from customization in software development?

    <p>Configuration employs available options to fit needs, whereas customization modifies deeper aspects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a 'vanilla' version of software?

    <p>It is presented in its original, unchanged state without modifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'bolt-ons' in software systems?

    <p>They are optional additions that enhance functionality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using a three-tier architecture?

    <p>Isolated development and scaling of each layer independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the data tier in three-tier architecture?

    <p>It is not involved in data manipulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the application tier?

    <p>It directly interfaces with the user to gather inputs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modern ERP

    • Modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are advanced business systems.
    • The systems are selected, implemented, and used to manage advanced business functions.

    IT Infrastructure for ERP

    • Early ERP systems were mainframe-based.
    • Later systems, in the 1990s, used client-server architecture.
    • There were two types of client-server architecture:
      • Thick client architecture: applications are installed locally on the client computer
      • Thin client architecture: a light read-only operating system on the client computer, applications are on the application server

    Three-Tier Architecture

    • A three-tier architecture cleanly separates different layers of an application.
    • The three tiers are:
      • Presentation Tier: the user interface, handles user input, and provides data outputs to the user. User interfaces include web browsers, mobile applications, and others. Examples of Presentation Tier technologies include HTML, CSS, JavaScript and Frameworks like React and Angular.
      • Application Tier (Logic Tier): The middle layer that contains the business logic, processes requests from the presentation tier (the user input), performs calculations and decision-making, and communicates with the data tier. This tier acts as a mediator between the user interface and database.
      • Data Tier: this layer is responsible for data storage and management, handles database interactions including data retrieval, storage, and manipulation. This tier persists the information. Examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, or Oracle.

    Benefits of Three-Tier Architecture

    • Separation of Concerns: Each layer can be developed, managed, and scaled independently.
    • Scalability: Different tiers can be scaled based on demand, by adding more servers to the application tier, for example
    • Maintainability: Changes in one tier typically do not affect others. Making updates and modifications easier.
    • Flexibility: Different technologies/programming languages can be used for each layer

    ERP Interface

    • The graphical user interface (GUI) for ERP software can be customized and personalized, in the form of dashboards tailored for specific users or groups of users.
    • Typical ERP GUIs can display:
      • Business process activity (production or logistics).
      • Tasks, reminders, and alerts.
      • Calendar and scheduling tools.
      • Messaging applications (email, instant messaging, and phone traffic).
      • Official communications from authorized sources.

    SAS Portal

    • SAS is a command-driven software package for statistical analysis and data visualization.
    • It's only available for the Windows operating system.
    • Includes interactive dashboards.

    Back Office/Front Office

    • Back-office software: Core functionalities of ERP—HR, Financials, and Operations. This is used internally to manage business processes and accounting.
    • Front-office software: Integrates with customers and suppliers to manage supply chains and customer relationship management. This software is usually visible to the customers.
    • Bolt-ons: Additional components, features, or services to enhance an application's base functionality or features.

    Back Office vs. Front Office Software Categorization

    Feature Front Office Software Back Office Software
    Focus Customer interactions and sales Internal operations and administration
    Users Sales teams, customer service reps Finance, HR, and operations teams
    Visibility Directly interacts with customers Typically not visible to customers
    Impact Affects customer satisfaction and revenue Affects efficiency and internal processes

    Relational Database Terminology

    • Tables: Relations in a database. Displayed as forms in ERP software.
    • Fields: Attributes within a table (columns).
    • Records: Instances within a table (rows).
    • Primary key: Uniquely identifies a record in a table. Usually a code.
    • Entity Integrity rule: Primary keys cannot be null or empty.
    • Foreign key: A primary key from one table, becomes a foreign key in another table, to link them. This helps connect tables

    Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

    • ERDs illustrate relationships between tables in a system.
    • One-to-one relationship: A primary key in one table is associated with only one record in another table.
    • One-to-many relationship: A primary key in one table is associated with more than one record in another table.
    • Many-to-many relationship: A primary key in one table is associated with more than one record in another table, and vice-versa.

    Relational Database Example

    • Illustrations of tables, columns, primary keys, and foreign keys within a database are shown. This helps visualize the relationships between different datasets.

    Database Query and Manipulation

    • Query: A question asked of the database.
    • Structured Query Language (SQL): A language for database queries. There are two types of queries
      • Simple query: Returns data without modifying the database.
      • Update query: Changes records within the database.
    • Data manipulation: Includes inserting, updating, and deleting records in the database.

    Configuration vs. Customization in ERP

    • Configuration: Setting up ERP software using available options to satisfy specific needs through setting switches. It's comparatively quicker to implement
    • Customization: Modifying software code to create a tailored solution, often involving programming skills, time-consuming and expensive, but useful to gain a competitive advantage.
    • Vanilla (In Software Development): Unmodified, original version of the software.

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    Three-Tier Architecture Explained

    Description

    This quiz explores the evolution and structure of Modern Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. It covers IT infrastructure, client-server architectures, and the essential three-tier architecture that underpins ERP applications.

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