Modern Chemistry Chapter 11: Gases Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is pressure defined as?

The force per unit area on a surface.

What is the definition of a Newton (N)?

The force that will increase the speed of a one-kilogram mass by one meter per second each second that the force is applied.

What is a barometer used for?

To measure atmospheric pressure.

What is the common unit of pressure symbolized as mm Hg?

Millimeters of Mercury. Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of 1 atmosphere of pressure (atm) in mm Hg?

760 mm Hg. Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the pressure exerted by a force of one newton acting on an area of one square meter?

Pascal (Pa). Signup and view all the answers

What are the standard conditions called for temperature and pressure in scientific comparisons?

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of a gas?

The pressure of each gas in a mixture. Signup and view all the answers

What does Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures state?

The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. Signup and view all the answers

What are gas laws?

Simple mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and amount of a gas. Signup and view all the answers

What does Boyle's Law state?

The volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What temperature is referred to as absolute zero?

-273.15°C. Signup and view all the answers

What does Charles's Law state?

The volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does Gay-Lussac's Law state?

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Combined Gas Law express?

The relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. Signup and view all the answers

What does Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes state?

At constant temperature and pressure, the volumes of gaseous reactants and products can be expressed as ratios of small whole numbers. Signup and view all the answers

What does Avogadro's Law state?

Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Standard Molar Volume of a Gas at STP?

22.41410 L. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Ideal Gas Law represent?

The mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ideal Gas Constant (R)?

The constant used in the Ideal Gas Law, with different values based on pressure units. Signup and view all the answers

What does STP stand for?

Standard Temperature and Pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pressure and Units

Pressure (P): Force per unit area on a surface, a key concept in gas behavior.
Newton (N): Unit of force; 1 N increases the speed of a 1 kg mass by 1 m/s².
Barometer: Instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, essential for understanding weather patterns.
Millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg): Common unit of pressure; 1 atm equals 760 mm Hg.
Atmosphere of Pressure (atm): Standard atmospheric pressure, equivalent to 760 mm Hg.
Pascal (Pa): Pressure unit; defined as the pressure from a 1 N force acting on 1 m².

Temperature and Conditions

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): Defined as 1 atm and 0°C, used for gas comparisons.
Absolute Zero: Theoretical lowest temperature (-273.15°C), assigned 0 K on the Kelvin scale.

Gas Behavior Laws

Partial Pressure: Pressure exerted by individual gases in a mixture; crucial for calculating total gas pressures.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures: States the total gas pressure equals the sum of partial pressures of all gases.
Gas Laws: Mathematical relationships governing gas behavior regarding volume, temperature, pressure, and amount.

Individual Gas Laws

Boyle's Law: For a fixed mass of gas, volume varies inversely with pressure at constant temperature.
Charles's Law: For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume varies directly with Kelvin temperature.
Gay-Lussac's Law: For a fixed volume of gas, pressure varies directly with Kelvin temperature.
Combined Gas Law: Integrates Boyle's, Charles's, and Gay-Lussac's Laws to describe the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature.
Avogadro's Law: Equal volumes of gases at same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.

Additional Concepts

Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes of Gases: At constant temperature and pressure, gas volumes react in small whole number ratios.
Standard Molar Volume of a Gas: Volume occupied by one mole of gas at STP; approximately 22.414 L.
Ideal Gas Law: Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of gas through a mathematical formula.
Ideal Gas Constant (R): The constant used in the Ideal Gas Law; varies based on the units (e.g., mm Hg, kPa, atm).

STP Recap

STP: Standard conditions for gas calculations; defined as 0°C and 1 atm pressure.

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Explore key concepts and definitions related to gases in this flashcard set from Modern Chemistry Chapter 11. This quiz covers important terms like pressure and barometers, vital for understanding gas behavior. Ideal for students seeking to reinforce their knowledge in chemistry.