Models in Psychology & Observation Methods

Models in Psychology

• Models in psychology are ways of representing or explaining psychological phenomena
• Various methods exist for research involving observation and analysis of behavior

Observation Methods

• Introspection (Self-Observation): A method of observing one's own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

  • This method is considered subjective and not easily verifiable
  • Some mental processes are difficult to observe or describe accurately
  • Accuracy of introspection is limited due to potential bias

• External Observation (Objective Observation): Observing outward behaviors and reactions of individuals.

  • This method is often more objective than introspection
  • Focus is on observable actions, making it easier to collect and analyze data
  • Accuracy is dependent on the presence of the observer and the ability to record data
  • The presence of the observer may influence the behavior of the observed

• Important Considerations for Both Introspection and External Observation:

  • Objectivity and Subjectivity: Introspection is prone to subjectivity. External observation is more objective, although the presence of an observer can sometimes influence the behavior being observed
  • Method Quality: Accurate methods are crucial for valid results. Methods must ensure a consistent approach to analysis and data gathering
  • Consistency: Ensuring that the processes are repeatable is essential for validity in all research
  • Duration and Repetition: Observing behaviors for sufficient time is crucial to draw conclusions. Repeating observations on different instances helps in understanding the potential impact of factors such as the observer and the time.
  • Accuracy in Reporting: In both cases, a high level of care is required to accurately record and report findings. This involves the use of precise language and appropriate recording mechanisms to minimize inaccuracies due to the subjective interpretation of events or data.

Explore the various models used in psychology to represent and explain human behavior, focusing on both introspection and external observation methods. This quiz delves into the subjective and objective approaches to understanding mental processes and the implications of each method on research accuracy.