Modelos atómicos

The total electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the net charge enclosed within that surface.

The constant of proportionality in Gauss's Law is 1/ε₀ (permittivity of free space).

Gauss's Law is used to calculate the electric field due to a specific charge distribution.

Rutherford's experiment showed that positive charges in an atom are concentrated in a tiny nucleus.

Thomson's experiment determined the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron.

Materials like wood and rubber do not conduct electricity well.

Charging without direct physical contact. Charges are rearranged through an external electric field.

Rutherford's model proposed a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus containing most of the atom's mass.

Electrons were thought to be embedded in a positively charged sphere in Thomson's atomic model.

Rutherford concluded the nucleus contained protons, small massive particles with a positive charge.