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What feature allows users to manage who can speak in a multi-user voice communication?
What feature allows users to manage who can speak in a multi-user voice communication?
What does the role management feature enable users to do?
What does the role management feature enable users to do?
How does the system provide location information for users?
How does the system provide location information for users?
What is necessary for the system to manage communication authorization?
What is necessary for the system to manage communication authorization?
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Which feature ensures message integrity by authenticating the message source?
Which feature ensures message integrity by authenticating the message source?
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What does the assured data communication application indicate?
What does the assured data communication application indicate?
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In the context of QoS class negotiation, what is its primary purpose?
In the context of QoS class negotiation, what is its primary purpose?
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What is an essential function of the location services feature?
What is an essential function of the location services feature?
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What types of messages can a user send and receive?
What types of messages can a user send and receive?
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Which type of data can be transferred for post-accident analysis?
Which type of data can be transferred for post-accident analysis?
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What capability does a user have concerning recording and broadcasting information?
What capability does a user have concerning recording and broadcasting information?
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What is the purpose of the station public address system?
What is the purpose of the station public address system?
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What functionality does the real-time video call feature provide?
What functionality does the real-time video call feature provide?
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How does augmented reality data communication function?
How does augmented reality data communication function?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding on-train telemetry communications?
Which of the following statements is true regarding on-train telemetry communications?
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What does an emergency help point enable for the public?
What does an emergency help point enable for the public?
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What type of data communication is used for monitoring and control of non-critical infrastructure?
What type of data communication is used for monitoring and control of non-critical infrastructure?
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What is required to access wireless internet services on a train?
What is required to access wireless internet services on a train?
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What functionality does the non-critical real-time video application provide?
What functionality does the non-critical real-time video application provide?
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Where else can passengers access wireless internet services apart from on-train?
Where else can passengers access wireless internet services apart from on-train?
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Which scenario accurately describes the use of wireless data communication for railway staff on platforms?
Which scenario accurately describes the use of wireless data communication for railway staff on platforms?
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In the context of train driver advisory systems, what is the primary goal?
In the context of train driver advisory systems, what is the primary goal?
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What does wireless on-train data communication enable for train staff?
What does wireless on-train data communication enable for train staff?
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What type of communication is utilized for infrastructure telemetry communications?
What type of communication is utilized for infrastructure telemetry communications?
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What is the role of the eNodeB in the LTE network?
What is the role of the eNodeB in the LTE network?
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What is the primary function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE architecture?
What is the primary function of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) in the LTE architecture?
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Which component is responsible for managing mobility and security signaling in LTE?
Which component is responsible for managing mobility and security signaling in LTE?
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What is one of the functions performed by the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?
What is one of the functions performed by the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW)?
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How does the eNodeB communicate with neighboring eNodeBs?
How does the eNodeB communicate with neighboring eNodeBs?
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What type of data does the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) primarily store?
What type of data does the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) primarily store?
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Which component acts as the termination point of the Non-Access Stratum (NAS)?
Which component acts as the termination point of the Non-Access Stratum (NAS)?
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What is the main responsibility of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) concerning intra-LTE mobility?
What is the main responsibility of the Serving Gateway (S-GW) concerning intra-LTE mobility?
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What is the minimum number of users per cell that should be supported in an active state for spectrum allocations up to 5 MHz?
What is the minimum number of users per cell that should be supported in an active state for spectrum allocations up to 5 MHz?
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At what mobile speeds should higher performance be achieved in the 5G system?
At what mobile speeds should higher performance be achieved in the 5G system?
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What factor does the cell range depend on in a 5G system?
What factor does the cell range depend on in a 5G system?
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What is one of the requirements for handover interruption time during real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN or GERAN?
What is one of the requirements for handover interruption time during real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN or GERAN?
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What is emphasized in the architecture of E-UTRAN regarding points of failure?
What is emphasized in the architecture of E-UTRAN regarding points of failure?
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Which service is mentioned as being able to provide simultaneous dedicated voice and MBMS services?
Which service is mentioned as being able to provide simultaneous dedicated voice and MBMS services?
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What type of architecture is the E-UTRAN architecture based on?
What type of architecture is the E-UTRAN architecture based on?
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What is a characteristic of E-UTRAN terminals regarding their operation with UTRAN and GERAN?
What is a characteristic of E-UTRAN terminals regarding their operation with UTRAN and GERAN?
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What functionality does the system provide for user communication?
What functionality does the system provide for user communication?
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Which of the following is a key feature of the arbitration system mentioned?
Which of the following is a key feature of the arbitration system mentioned?
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What type of information can entitled users access regarding on-network communication?
What type of information can entitled users access regarding on-network communication?
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What is one of the aims of implementing an LTE communication corridor in Indian Railways?
What is one of the aims of implementing an LTE communication corridor in Indian Railways?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of passenger safety and service?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of passenger safety and service?
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What application is proposed to enhance Indian Railways' operational safety?
What application is proposed to enhance Indian Railways' operational safety?
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Which application is specifically mentioned to support mission-critical communication?
Which application is specifically mentioned to support mission-critical communication?
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What benefit do advanced signaling systems provide for train operations?
What benefit do advanced signaling systems provide for train operations?
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Study Notes
Mobile Train Radio Communication - LTE
- This chapter provides technical information on Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet Core (EPC), and LTE-based Mobile Train Radio Communication Systems.
- The information is based on 3GPP and UIC specifications.
GSM-R Limitations
- GSM-R struggles with data communication as communication demands increased and electronic device capabilities evolved.
- It does not offer packet-switched transmission, which results in inefficient data delivery (CSD).
- Data transmission is less efficient as it uses virtual circuits like voice calls; bursty data sources do not fit well with fixed circuits.
- Network resources become wasted due to underutilized circuits.
- GSM-R is predicted to become obsolete by 2030.
LTE: Long Term Evolution
- LTE is the latest mobile communication standard (4G).
- Key requirements include high spectral efficiency, peak data rates, short round-trip times, and flexible frequency/bandwidth.
LTE Components
- eNodeB (Evolved NodeB): The base station for LTE radio, responsible for radio transmission to and reception from User Equipment (UE) in one or more cells. Connected to EPC nodes via S1 interface and neighboring eNodeBs via X2 interface.
- Serving Gateway (S-GW): Connects the radio side to the EPC, routing incoming and outgoing IP packets. Acts as the anchor for intra-LTE mobility and between LTE and other 3GPP accesses.
- Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW): Connects EPC to external IP networks, performing IP address/prefix allocation, policy control, and charging.
- Mobility Management Entity (MME): Manages the control plane for E-UTRAN access, including mobility and security for UE in idle mode, and termination point for NAS.
- Home Subscriber Server (HSS): Database containing user-related and subscriber information, supporting functions like mobility management, call setup, user authentication, and access authorization.
- Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF): Combines Charging Rules Function (CRF) and Policy Decision Function (PDF), ensuring service policy and QoS information for each session.
- Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF): Enforces policy rules, performs policy enforcement and service data flow detection.
- IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS): An all-IP system delivering next generation, interactive, and interoperable services.
LTE Features
- LTE is a fully packet-switched, IP-based system, allocating resources based on transmission demand.
- It uses OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) for uplink, achieving high spectral efficiency through modulation, coding, radio conditions, and traffic demands.
- LTE supports both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD).
LTE Spectrum Flexibility
- E-UTRA operates in various spectrum sizes (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz)
- Supports content delivery through aggregation of radio band resources in same and different bands and adjacent/non-adjacent channels
- Peak data rates (spectral efficiency) are achieved through various combinations of parameters like modulation orders, bandwidth, and spatial multiplexing
LTE Railway Features
- Includes advanced signaling systems like ETCS Level 2/TCAS.
- Enables emergency communication between trains/ground station.
- Supports increased train capacity.
- Enables live video surveillance through camera feeds.
Railway Communication Requirements Through LTE
- Trains using this technology have critical voice / data requirements
- Include diverse users like drivers, controllers, train staff, catering staff, security, and members of the public
- Systems for on-board / ground control, maintenance, and emergency use.
- Critical, performance, and business applications
LTE System Architecture for Indian Railways
- Installing LTE would improve train operations, safety, and passenger services (through remote monitoring and management)
- Passenger Safety & Services: Advanced signaling, emergency communications, increased train capacity.
- Live surveillance, preventing and detecting crime
- Improved railway management through staff communication and remote monitoring.
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Description
This quiz covers the technical aspects of Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its role in Mobile Train Radio Communication Systems. It discusses the limitations of GSM-R and the advantages of LTE, including its high spectral efficiency and data transmission capabilities. Dive into the essential components that define modern mobile train communications.
