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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) project?
What is the primary goal of the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) project?
What major limitation does GSM-R have concerning data communication?
What major limitation does GSM-R have concerning data communication?
How does LTE potentially improve upon the limitations of GSM-R?
How does LTE potentially improve upon the limitations of GSM-R?
Which organization is responsible for developing the standards for LTE?
Which organization is responsible for developing the standards for LTE?
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What is the predicted obsolescence timeline for GSM-R technology?
What is the predicted obsolescence timeline for GSM-R technology?
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What is a distinctive feature of the GSM-R compared to LTE?
What is a distinctive feature of the GSM-R compared to LTE?
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What can be inferred about the future direction of mobile communications for railways?
What can be inferred about the future direction of mobile communications for railways?
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What is the significance of adding features to LTE based on the needs of the railway industry?
What is the significance of adding features to LTE based on the needs of the railway industry?
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What is one of the primary requirements for the new access network?
What is one of the primary requirements for the new access network?
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Which component of the LTE network is equivalent to the BSS in GSM-R?
Which component of the LTE network is equivalent to the BSS in GSM-R?
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What type of network standard does LTE represent?
What type of network standard does LTE represent?
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Which feature allows LTE to achieve high data rates?
Which feature allows LTE to achieve high data rates?
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What is the maximum bandwidth allocation supported by LTE?
What is the maximum bandwidth allocation supported by LTE?
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Which function in LTE is responsible for policy and charging rules?
Which function in LTE is responsible for policy and charging rules?
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Which of the following is a part of the LTE's simplified core network?
Which of the following is a part of the LTE's simplified core network?
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What is the importance of the system supporting different spectrum allocations?
What is the importance of the system supporting different spectrum allocations?
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What aspect does the E-UTRAN architecture emphasize to enhance reliability?
What aspect does the E-UTRAN architecture emphasize to enhance reliability?
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Which requirement is emphasized for Radio Resource Management?
Which requirement is emphasized for Radio Resource Management?
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What is the purpose of the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) in the Indian Railway Automatic Train Protection System (IRATP)?
What is the purpose of the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) in the Indian Railway Automatic Train Protection System (IRATP)?
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Which application is labeled as 'Mission Critical' in the Indian Railways' systems?
Which application is labeled as 'Mission Critical' in the Indian Railways' systems?
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What is a notable feature of the LTE system architecture for Indian Railways?
What is a notable feature of the LTE system architecture for Indian Railways?
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What is the purpose of the Onboard Video Surveillance System (VSS)?
What is the purpose of the Onboard Video Surveillance System (VSS)?
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Which of the following best describes the state of LTE in comparison to previous mobile standards?
Which of the following best describes the state of LTE in comparison to previous mobile standards?
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How does the E-UTRAN architecture support quality of service?
How does the E-UTRAN architecture support quality of service?
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How does the LTE frequency band allocation affect system throughput?
How does the LTE frequency band allocation affect system throughput?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the Uniform Numbering Scheme for Mobile Communication Network?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Uniform Numbering Scheme for Mobile Communication Network?
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What advantage does advanced signaling systems provide to railways?
What advantage does advanced signaling systems provide to railways?
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What is the maximum number of digits for a Mobile Subscription Identification Number (MSIN)?
What is the maximum number of digits for a Mobile Subscription Identification Number (MSIN)?
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What is a key benefit of implementing live surveillance on trains?
What is a key benefit of implementing live surveillance on trains?
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What approach is recommended for backhaul communication protocols in E-UTRAN architecture?
What approach is recommended for backhaul communication protocols in E-UTRAN architecture?
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Which system provides real-time updates to passengers about train schedules and information?
Which system provides real-time updates to passengers about train schedules and information?
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Which aspect of the LTE FDD system is directly influenced by the allocated frequency?
Which aspect of the LTE FDD system is directly influenced by the allocated frequency?
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What is the instantaneous downlink peak data rate for a 20 MHz downlink spectrum allocation?
What is the instantaneous downlink peak data rate for a 20 MHz downlink spectrum allocation?
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What is the highest theoretical peak data rate on the uplink transport channel?
What is the highest theoretical peak data rate on the uplink transport channel?
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What transmission latency is supported by LTE in the User Plane?
What transmission latency is supported by LTE in the User Plane?
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What speed range is considered for optimizing E-UTRAN for low mobility?
What speed range is considered for optimizing E-UTRAN for low mobility?
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What should the interruption time be during a handover of real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN?
What should the interruption time be during a handover of real-time services between E-UTRAN and UTRAN?
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What is the instantaneous uplink peak data rate for a 20 MHz uplink spectrum allocation?
What is the instantaneous uplink peak data rate for a 20 MHz uplink spectrum allocation?
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Which of the following speeds should be supported with high performance in E-UTRAN?
Which of the following speeds should be supported with high performance in E-UTRAN?
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What is the maximum peak data rate achievable on the downlink using spatial multiplexing?
What is the maximum peak data rate achievable on the downlink using spatial multiplexing?
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Study Notes
Mobile Train Radio Communication - LTE
- This chapter provides technical information on LTE, Evolved Packet Core (EPC), and LTE-based Mobile Train Radio Communication systems.
- The information is based on 3GPP and UIC specifications.
GSM-R Limitations
- GSM-R is not designed for data communication as well as voice.
- Data is delivered via Circuit-Switched Data (CSD) and can't allocate network resources based on demand.
- Bursty data transmission is difficult to manage within fixed circuit resources.
- GSM-R is expected to become obsolete by 2030.
LTE Components
- eNodeB (Evolved NodeB): The base station for LTE radio transmissions within the radio access network (RAN). It connects to EPC nodes via the S1 interface and neighbouring eNodeBs via the X2 interface.
- Serving Gateway (S-GW): Connects the radio side with the EPC and routes IP packets (user-plane). Supports data transmission between the user equipment and external networks.
- Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN-GW): Interfaces the EPC with external IP networks. Routes packets and performs functions like IP address/prefix assignment and policy control, including charging related functions.
- Mobility Management Entity (MME): Manages signaling related to mobility and security for E-UTRAN access. Responsible for tracking and paging of UE in idle mode.
- Home Subscriber Server (HSS): Contains user-related and subscriber-related data. Provides functions in mobility management, call setup, and user authentication.
- Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF): Combines charging rules function and policy decision function, ensuring service policies, and QoS information during session establishment.
- Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF): Enforces policy and QoS rules for IP packets in P-GW.
LTE Features
- Fully Packet-Switched: Uses IP protocol for both real-time and data services, allocating resources based on demand.
- Simplified Core Network (EPC): Fewer elements compared to legacy standards.
- OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and SC-FDMA: Achieves high spectral efficiency for better data throughput and reliability in downlink and uplink, respectively.
- Higher Spectral Efficiency: Utilizes higher order modulation and spatial multiplexing, resulting in high peak data rates.
- Flexibility in Frequency Bands: Supports diverse frequency bands for optimal coverage and network performance.
LTE System Architecture for Indian Railways
- Aims to provide data and voice capabilities for train-ground and train-train communication.
- Enhances train operations, passenger safety, and security.
- Aims to improve rail asset monitoring and management.
LTE Frequency Band Allocation
- The 700 MHz band, specifically the 703-748 MHz uplink and 758-803 MHz downlink ranges, is allotted for Indian Railways use.
Peak Data Rates (Spectral Efficiency)
- High instantaneous downlink and uplink peak data rates are achieved via optimized modulation and coding schemes which adapt to radio conditions and traffic demands.
Mobility and Coverage
- The system is designed for optimal performance in lower speeds (0-15 km/h), and higher speeds (15-120 km/h) with improved performance.
- The system supports both high-speed mobility (120-350 km/h) and extensive coverage across cell ranges.
LTE System Throughput
- Tables provided describe measured and maximum achievable throughput in various bandwidth scenarios.
Uniform Numbering Scheme for Indian Railways
- The IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) identifies a unique subscription consisting of MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and MSIN (Mobile Subscription Identification Number).
- MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber International Subscriber Directory Number) is used for international identification of a mobile number.
Adaptation of LTE on Indian Railways
- Migration of Railway Automation System and Broadband Services from GSM-R to LTE is being planned..
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Mobile Train Radio Communication systems using LTE technology. It examines the technical specifications of LTE and assesses the limitations of GSM-R in data communication. Participants will learn about key LTE components and their roles in the communication ecosystem.
