Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who originally developed Android before it was purchased by Google?
Who originally developed Android before it was purchased by Google?
What is the function of the Linux Kernel in the Android architecture?
What is the function of the Linux Kernel in the Android architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Android architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Android architecture?
Which library in the Android Platform Libraries is primarily used for database support?
Which library in the Android Platform Libraries is primarily used for database support?
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What aspect of the Android architecture does the Android Runtime support?
What aspect of the Android architecture does the Android Runtime support?
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What is the primary programming language used for Android development?
What is the primary programming language used for Android development?
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Which organization developed Android?
Which organization developed Android?
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Which of the following multimedia formats is NOT supported by Android?
Which of the following multimedia formats is NOT supported by Android?
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What feature allows Android to run multiple applications simultaneously?
What feature allows Android to run multiple applications simultaneously?
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Which of the following hardware components can be accessed by Android applications?
Which of the following hardware components can be accessed by Android applications?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Mobile Applications Development 1
- Course: Mobile Applications Development 1
- Semester: First
- Academic Year: 2021/2024
What is Android?
- Android is an open-source operating system based on Linux, using a Java programming interface.
- It's designed for mobile devices like smartphones (touch screen) and tablets.
- Developed by the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), led by Google.
- OHA is an association of companies (Samsung, Sony, Intel, and others) to provide and deploy Android-based handsets.
- Source code is freely available on various platforms like GitHub and Stack Overflow.
- Google publishes most of the associated code under the Apache License version 2.0.
Android Features
- Open-source, customizable OS based on requirements.
- Connectivity support for GSM, CDMA, Wi-Fi, NFC, Bluetooth, etc. for various communication and data transfer functions.
- Supports making and receiving calls/SMS messages, and data transfer across mobile networks.
- Supports pairing with other devices via Wi-Fi technology.
- Multitasking capabilities.
- Location-based services such as GPS are integrated.
- Data storage through lightweight SQLite database.
- Wide range of media support (AVI, MKV, FLV, MPEG4, etc.) and image formats.
- Multimedia hardware, camera, and microphone support extensive playback/recording actions.
- Integrated web browser to support HTML5 and CSS3 standards.
- Reusable components, and native application replacement capabilities.
- Support for 2D and 3D graphics; access to hardware components (Camera, GPS, Accelerometer).
Android History
- Android, Inc. initially developed Android in 2005.
- Google later acquired and took over development.
- First version released November 5, 2007.
- Subsequently, Google introduced many versions with codenamed desserts (Apple Pie, Banana Bread, Cupcake, Donut, Éclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Jellybeans, Kitkat, Lollipop, marshmallow, etc.), making improvements and additions.
Questions
- What is the latest version of Android available now?
- List some of its key features.
Android Version Market Share
- (Chart showing market share trends for various Android versions over time)
Android Architecture
- A software stack of components supporting mobile device needs:
- Applications
- Android Framework
- Android Runtime
- Platform Libraries
- Linux Kernel (primary component)
Android Architecture Components
- Linux Kernel: Base layer, managing device drivers (display, camera, Bluetooth, etc.), memory, power management, and resource access.
- Platform Libraries: Various C/C++ and Java-based libraries (SSL, libc, Graphics, SQLite, WebKit) providing core support for Android development. Includes libraries for media playback/recording, display management, 2D/3D graphics, database support, and internet security.
- Android Runtime (ARE): An essential component containing core libraries and the Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM), powering applications. DVM is a register-based, efficient virtual machine optimized for use on Android devices.
- Application Framework: Provides classes for creating Android applications; offers a generic abstraction for hardware access; manages user interfaces and application resources. This includes services like telephony, location, notifications, the view system etc required for app development.
- Applications: The top layer where native and third-party apps like contacts, email, music, gallery, and games run. They access functionality provided through the application framework.
Android Development Setup
- Java Development Kit (JDK)
- Android SDK
- Development environment (Android Studio)
Android App/Project Folder Structure
- Key folders and files (manifests, Java, resources, drawable, layouts, etc.) used in Android projects.
Android First Application Example - "Hello World"
- Important files for building a simple Android app:
- Android Layout File (activity_main.xml)
- Android Main Activity File (MainActivity.java)
- Android Manifest File (AndroidManifest.xml)
Running the Project
- Methods for running the example Android project:
- Method 1: Using a physical Android device connected using USB. Enabling the developer options and USB debugging.
- Method 2: Using an Android Virtual Device (AVD) simulated in Android Studio.
Creating an AVD in Android Studio
- Steps to create an Android Virtual Device (AVD) configuration within Android Studio for testing the application.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the fundamentals of Android, an open-source operating system designed for mobile devices. Students will explore its features, development background, and the organizations involved in its creation. It's an essential part of the Mobile Applications Development 1 course.
