Questions and Answers
Which of the following domains does serotonin affect? (Select all that apply)
What does the mnemonic SHIVERS represent in Serotonin Syndrome?
Which of the following are functions of dopamine according to the mnemonic DOPAMINE? (Select all that apply)
What functions does acetylcholine serve, as indicated by the mnemonic SLUDGEM?
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What are the primary functions of histamine?
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What are the primary functions of Ach?
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What does the mnemonic A Really Mean Emu Doesn't Cope represent for neuropeptides?
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What is the primary action associated with the Mu receptor?
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What is the function of GABA in the brain?
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What is the function of Glutamate in the brain?
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What does glutaMATe stand for in terms of brain functions?
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Match the following words with their respective mnemonics or functions:
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What is the mnemonic for Valproate side effects?
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Study Notes
Serotonin Functions
- Regulates mood, impacting depression.
- Reduces obsessive behaviors and compulsions.
- Can abort migraines and decrease anxiety.
- 90% of serotonin is found in the gastrointestinal tract, activating intestines.
- Antagonists of 5HT help prevent nausea.
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) may lead to decreased sexual functioning.
Serotonin Syndrome (SHIVERS) Symptoms
- Diarrhea is a common gastrointestinal symptom.
- Shivering indicates a hyperthermic reaction.
- Hyperreflexia and myoclonus can signify increased neuromuscular activity.
- Elevated body temperature as a physiological response.
- Unstable vital signs can reflect severe distress.
- Encephalopathy indicates altered brain function.
- Restlessness is frequently reported.
- Excessive sweating is a notable symptom.
Dopamine Functions
- Involvement in drug addiction through heightened dopamine levels.
- Dysregulation can lead to psychosis.
- Prolactin production is inhibited, affecting hormonal balance.
- Enhances attention and motivation.
- Can cause involuntary movements due to overactivity.
- Dopamine blockers are effective in reducing nausea.
- Increases overall energy levels.
Acetylcholine Functions (SLUDGEM)
- Stimulates salivation, sexual arousal, and slows heart rate.
- Involved in lacrimation (tear production).
- Promotes urination.
- Diaphoresis (sweating) as a physiological response.
- Affects gastrointestinal motility.
- Causes emesis (vomiting).
- Induces miosis (constriction of pupils).
Antihistamines Overview
- Used to help reduce insomnia.
- Decrease stomach acid production and manage acid-related issues.
- Provide relief from allergic reactions.
Histamine Functions
- Facilitates activation of the cerebral cortex, contributing to wakefulness.
- Stimulates gastric acid production in the stomach.
- Functions as an inflammatory chemical in allergic responses.
Functions of Acetylcholine
- Essential for the contraction of skeletal muscles.
- Important in the CNS for learning, memory, and attention; damage to cholinergic receptors can lead to cognitive decline, as seen in Alzheimer's.
Neuropeptides Functions (Opioids)
- Provides analgesia (pain relief).
- Can lead to respiratory depression at high levels.
- Causes miosis (constriction of pupils).
- Induces euphoria and drowsiness.
- May result in constipation as a side effect.
Mu Opioid Receptor
- Morphine acts at the Mu receptor, serving as an effective analgesic.
Functions of GABA
- Functions as the brain's "OFF" switch, counteracting excitement by promoting relaxation (similar to benzodiazepine effects).
Functions of Glutamate
- Acts as the brain's "ON" switch, amplifying neuronal signaling for enhanced communication.
Glutamate Memory Mnemonic
- Represents key roles in memory and thought processes.
Mnemonic for Key Neurotransmitters
- The phrase "So Damn Naughty! Good Gracious, Nudes Are Hot!" represents:
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- GABA
- Glutamate
- Neuropeptides
- Acetylcholine
- Histamine
Valproate Side Effects Mnemonic
- "Valpro ate a FOLATE PLaTe" to remember:
- Folate is crucial to prevent neural tube defects.
- P: pancreatitis risks.
- L: liver problems.
- T: thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).
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Description
This quiz focuses on understanding serotonin and its various impacts on the body, including its role in mood regulation and gastrointestinal functions. It also covers mnemonic devices for remembering key aspects of serotonin syndrome. Enhance your knowledge of neurotransmitters and their effects with this engaging flashcard quiz.
