Proprioception
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Questions and Answers

What is proprioception?

It’s the perception of one’s body in space

Conscious proprioception is located in what lobe ?

Parietal lobe

What is the primary role of proprioception in movement execution?

  • It solely focuses on maintaining balance during static positions.
  • It allows for well-timed, well-coordinated, and accurate movements. (correct)
  • It provides pain perception necessary for reflexive movements.
  • It enhances reflex actions without requiring conscious thought.

What would be an expected outcome in a patient with impaired proprioception?

<p>Predictable changes in posture and gait. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tests are conducted to assess proprioception in animals?

<p>Postural reaction tests that evaluate responses from abnormal positions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a complete neurologic exam, how critical is proprioception?

<p>Proprioception is a crucial aspect to examine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred if a patient does not respond normally to postural reaction tests?

<p>The patient may have proprioceptive deficits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a failure in proprioceptive testing indicate about the patient?

<p>The patient has deficits in conscious proprioception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the brain does conscious proprioception terminate?

<p>Parietal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the somatosensory cortex in relation to proprioception?

<p>It integrates sensory information to provide perception of the body in space. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for a patient to be conscious during proprioceptive testing?

<p>To allow the testing of conscious proprioceptive pathways. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is often used to describe the deficits observed when a patient fails a proprioceptive test?

<p>CP deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is primarily responsible for transmitting proprioceptive information about the limbs and body to the brain?

<p>Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus Pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the tracts in the Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus pathway contributes to early loss of proprioception during spinal cord disorders?

<p>They are superficial and heavily myelinated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of general somatic afferents (GSA) related to proprioception?

<p>Provide information about limb position during motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is proprioceptive testing in domestic animals generally limited to facial symmetry assessments?

<p>It is impractical to assess limb proprioception in animals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the integration of proprioceptive input allow the body to accomplish?

<p>Maintain static and dynamic postural control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Kinesthesia?

<p>a sense of the body’s location/posture during motion and allows us to coordinate our movements accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is static position sense?

<p>The body’s location/posture while at rest (not moving)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of abnormalities should be observed during locomotion for proprioception testing?

<p>Hypermetria and scuffing of toes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered definitive signs of proprioceptive dysfunction during gait testing?

<p>Dragging of toes and wide gait (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of ataxia in proprioception testing?

<p>It suggests dysfunction of the nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration while assessing gait abnormalities for proprioception testing?

<p>Presence of a fine motor skill deficit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ataxia is specific to CP deficits

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the tests (that were discussed in class) that we as veterinarians can use to determine a definitive diagnosis?

<p>Proprioceptive positioning, wheelbarrowing, hopping, hemistanding/hemiwalking, placing test</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormal postural reaction tests means the animal has proprioceptive deficits. We want to now locate where the proprioceptive pathway is interrupted, what are the three types of ataxia that can lead to these deficits ?

<p>Proprioceptive, vestibular, and cerebellar</p> Signup and view all the answers

The DCML pathway carries ascending CP information about the ______

<p>The DCML pathway carries ascending CP information about the limbs and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trigeminal pathway carries ascending CP information about our _________

<p>The trigeminal pathway carries ascending CP information about our face</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of proprioceptors in the DCML pathway?

<p>Skin mechanorecptors, muscle spindles, and golgi tendon organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the pathway of the DCML pathway.

<p>Primary afferent neuron has its cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia, it ascends via DCML, it decussate at the brain stem (specifically the medulla) and it’s relayed by the thalamus to the contralateral parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Together, the ____ and ____ make the DCML pathway

<p>Together, the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus make the DCML pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fasciculus gracilis is the (pelvic limb/thoracic limb) pathway

<p>The fasciculus gracilis is the pelvic limb pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fasciculus cuneatus is the (pelvic/thoracic limb) pathway

<p>The fasciculus cuneatus is the thoracic limb pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to proprioceptive fibers after they ascend ipsilaterally in the spinal cord?

<p>They cross over at the brainstem to the contralateral side. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which point does the fasciculus cuneatus become irrelevant in proprioceptive pathways?

<p>After the T2 vertebral level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thalamus in the proprioceptive pathway?

<p>It acts as a relay station for perception at the contralateral parietal cortex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proprioceptive fibers relay for conscious perception?

<p>Contralateral parietal cortex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anything cranial to T2 indicates ______ tracts from the hindlimb and forelimb, anything caudal to T2 will only see (fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus)

<p>Ascending, fasciculus gracilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign associated with vestibular ataxia?

<p>Head tilt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario where a patient exhibits ataxia but has normal proprioception, and we are considering vestibular ataxia, where is the lesion?

<p>The lesion is in the vestibular apparatus: the vestibular component of CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the common clinical signs of a patient with vestibular ataxia?

<p>Resting nystagmus, head tilt, leaning, falling/rolling</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with vestibular ataxia have abnormal posture, and abnormal postural reactions

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario where a patient has ataxia and proprioception is normal, besides vestibular ataxia, what could be the other lesion?

<p>Cerebellar ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cerebellum coordinate?

<p>It coordinates range, rate and force</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical signs associated with cerebellar ataxia?

<p>Wide based stance, intention tremors, truncal sway, delayed onset of postural reactions with exaggerated response, absent menace response, and normal mentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cerebellar ataxia, although they often look abnormal in their attempts to correct the placement test, pass their postural reaction tests

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Proprioception definition

The sense of body position and movement.

Location of conscious proprioception

Parietal lobe

Proprioception's Role in Movement

Proprioception allows for well-timed, coordinated, and accurate movements. It helps the body understand its position and how it's moving.

Postural Reaction Tests

These tests assess how an animal responds to being placed in abnormal positions. They are used to evaluate proprioception.

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What happens without proprioception?

Without proprioception, an animal will exhibit predictable posture and gait changes. These changes can be objectively tested.

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Proprioception and the Neurological Exam

Assessing proprioception is a critical part of a complete neurological exam. It helps identify potential neurological problems.

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Importance of Proprioception

Proprioception is essential for coordinating movement and maintaining a stable posture. It allows the body to sense and react to its position and movement.

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Conscious Proprioception Test

A neurological exam where we test a patient's awareness of their body position and movement.

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CP Deficits

A shortened phrase for 'Conscious Proprioception Deficits,' indicating a patient's lack of awareness of their body position and movement.

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Somatosensory Cortex

The part of the brain in the Parietal lobe that processes all sensory information about the body, including conscious proprioception.

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Where does conscious proprioception end?

Conscious proprioception information ends in the Parietal lobe of the brain, specifically at the Somatosensory Cortex.

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What's the role of the Parietal Lobe?

The Parietal lobe integrates sensory information, including conscious proprioception, to create a complete understanding of your body's position and movement in space.

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DCML Pathway

The Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus pathway carries proprioceptive information from the body to the brain.

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Trigeminal Pathway

This pathway carries proprioceptive information from the face to the brain.

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Proprioception: What is it?

The body's sense of its position and movement in space.

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Static Position Sense

Understanding body position when at rest.

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Kinesthesia

The sense of body movement.

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Gait Abnormalities

Changes in walking pattern that can indicate proprioceptive issues. Examples include: excessively wide leg swing, overly long strides, dragging toes, and knuckling.

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Hypermetria

A movement with excessive amplitude or overshooting the intended target. Can happen during locomotion or as a response to a postural reaction test.

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Proprioception in Locomotion

The role of proprioception in how an animal walks and moves. Gait abnormalities during locomotion can be a sign of proprioceptive issues.

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Ataxia

A general term for lack of coordination in movement, it is not specific for proprioception deficits.

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Proprioceptione Consapevole

La capacità di percepire la posizione e movimento proprio del corpo.

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Deficit di Proprioceptione Consapevole

Un problema nella consapevolezza del corpo, che porta a problemi di coordinazione del movimento.

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Gait Abnormalities e Proprioceptione Consapevole

Una camminata irregolare può indicare un problema con la consapevolezza del corpo.

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Proprioceptive Pathway

The pathway that carries information about body position and movement from the periphery to the brain. It travels up the spinal cord ipsilaterally, crosses at the brainstem, and relays through the thalamus to the parietal cortex.

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Fasciculus Cuneatus

A part of the proprioceptive pathway that carries information from the upper limbs. It disappears after the T2 spinal cord level because it's only needed for the forelimbs.

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Where is conscious proprioception perceived?

Conscious proprioception is perceived in the contralateral parietal cortex. This means the right parietal cortex receives information from the left side of the body and vice versa.

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Thalamus and Proprioception

The thalamus is a relay station for sensory information, including proprioception. It receives signals from the brainstem and sends them to the parietal cortex.

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Conscious Proprioception

The ability to consciously perceive the position and movement of our body.

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Vestibular Ataxia

A type of ataxia caused by a problem with the vestibular system, which is responsible for balance. It occurs when there's a lesion in the vestibular component of the 8th cranial nerve.

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Clinical Signs of Vestibular Ataxia

Common signs include resting nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), head tilt, head turn, leaning, falling, or rolling. These patients may have abnormal posture and be ataxic, but they have normal postural reactions.

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Vestibular Ataxia vs. Proprioceptive Ataxia

Patients with vestibular ataxia have normal proprioception (sense of body position), while those with proprioceptive ataxia have impaired proprioception. Even though both can present with ataxia, the underlying cause is different.

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CP Deficits in Vestibular Ataxia

Patients with vestibular ataxia do not have conscious proprioception (CP) deficits. This means they are still aware of their body position, despite the ataxia which may affect their movements.

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Vestibular Ataxia: Normal Postural Reactions

Patients with vestibular ataxia can still perform normal postural reactions, even though they may exhibit ataxia, as their proprioception remains intact.

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