MLS Wordsology Review Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Translate the following from Weiner to Fisher-Rice nomenclature: R0

  • C.cDe (correct)
  • B.CdE
  • D.CDe
  • A.cDE

    • Translate the following from Fisher-Rice to Weiner nomenclature: CdE

  • D.ry (correct)
  • C.R2
  • B.r"
  • A.r'

    • Which of the following antibodies are most common in the Caucasian population?

  • A.c
  • D.D
  • C.C
  • B.e (correct)

    • What percentage of the population is Rh positive?

    <p>D. 85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are cold antibodies?

    <p>B.M, N, P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following antibodies, which tend to react only in the AHG phase?

    <p>D.Kidd, Kell, and Duffy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibodies can cause in-vitro hemolysis?

    <p>D.All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibodies is associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?

    <p>B.Kidd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the discrepancy in a patient with GI disease typed as the following: aA: 4+, aB: 2+, Ac: 0, Bc: 4+?

    <p>B.The patient is producing an acquired B caused by the cleavage of sugars on the A antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatic, pancreatic, and testicular cancer show an increase in which of the following markers?

    <p>A.AFP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the following cardiac biomarkers, which is the first to rise and which sticks around the longest?

    <p>B.Myoglobin and Troponin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of pre-hepatic jaundice?

    <p>D.hemolytic anemias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pre-hepatic jaundice, what are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili?

    <p>C.increased, normal, negative, increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili in a patient with bile obstruction?

    <p>A.normal, increased, increased, negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are correctly matched with their underlying mechanisms and outcomes, EXCEPT:

    <p>C.Crigler-Nijjar syndrome-prolific UGT causes increased conjugated bili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the normal ranges for pH, pCO2, and HCO3?

    <p>C. 7.35-7.45, 35-45, 22-26</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a gram positive cocci that appears in clusters, catalase negative, and causes toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>B.Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 25-year-old female patient presents with burning upon urination and has recently been sexually active. A vaginal swab is cultured and is found to be novobiocin resistant, oxidase negative, and coagulase negative. Which of the following is the likely cause of the infection?

    <p>C.Staphylococcus saprophyticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a GPC, catalase positive, alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive organism?

    <p>B.Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A swab collected from the nasopharynx is cultured on BAP and produces a beta hemolytic colony that appears to be susceptible to bacitracin. Which of the following is most likely causing the infection?

    <p>D.Strep pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacitracin sensitive organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strep viridans is normal flora of the upper respiratory tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group D Strep is bile esculin negative.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group B Strep causes scarlet fever.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group B Strep is significant when found in urine cultures of pregnant women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterococcus is resistant to bacitracin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Staph epidermidis is the causative agent of Toxic Shock Syndrome and is sensitive to novobiocin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MRSA is resistant to penicillin and must be treated with vancomycin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A non-spore forming, branching, GP bacillus was recovered from an immunocompromised patient who was suffering from shortness of breath and wheezing. Which of the following fits this clinical picture?

    <p>C.Nocardia spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fisherman noticed a rash on his arm and decided to go to the clinic after it persisted for a week. A gram positive bacillus was recovered and tested positive for H2S production, was catalase negative, and non-spore forming. Which of the following organisms is likely to be affecting the fisherman?

    <p>D.Erysipelothrix spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gram negative coccobacillus is recovered that is found to require only X factor to grow. Which of the following species requires only X factor to grow?

    <p>C.H.ducreyi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species of Haemophilus requires no X and V factors for growth and can convert ALA to protoporphyrin?

    <p>B.H.aphrophilus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Haemophilus parainfluenzae is the only species of Haemophilus to require only X or V factor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The group Enterobacteriaceae is known for several characteristics. Which of the following choices is the accurate description for the group?

    <p>C.GNR, catalase positive, oxidase negative, reduces nitrate to nitrite, facultative anaerobe, ferments glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Enterobacteriaceae are lactose fermenters, which Genus are possible suspects?

    <p>A.E.coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following reacts with methyl red?

    <p>C.E.coli and Citrobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a differential test for the enteric bacteria E.coli and Citrobacter?

    <p>B.citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the methyl red negative, lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following are positive for motility?

    <p>B.Enterobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Enterobacter aerogenes from E.cloaceae and E.sakazakii?

    <p>D.lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Klebsiella oxytoca from K.pneumoniae?

    <p>B.indole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which does not react with methyl red?

    <p>B.Serratia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria that react with methyl red, which is motile?

    <p>D.Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biochemical test differentiates Shigella dysenteriae?

    <p>B.mannitol fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Shigella sonnei is differentiated from S. ______ and S. ______ with ONPG positive reaction.

    <p>dysenteriae, flexneri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nomenclature Translations

    • R0 translates to Weiner nomenclature as cDe.
    • CdE translates to Weiner nomenclature as ry.

    Antibody Prevalence and Rh Factor

    • The most common antibody in the Caucasian population is antibody e.
    • Approximately 85% of the population is Rh positive.

    Antibodies and Hemolysis

    • Cold antibodies include M, N, P.
    • Kidd, Kell, and Duffy antibodies react primarily in the AHG phase.
    • Kidd and Kell, Lewis and P1, as well as ABO can cause in-vitro hemolysis.
    • The Kidd antibody is associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions.

    Blood Typing Discrepancies

    • In cases of GI disease, a patient may produce an acquired B antigen, resulting from sugar cleavage on the A antigen.

    Tumor Markers

    • Hepatic, pancreatic, and testicular cancers show an increase in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

    Cardiac Biomarkers

    • Myoglobin rises first among cardiac biomarkers, while Troponin remains elevated the longest.

    Jaundice Mechanisms

    • The most common cause of pre-hepatic jaundice is hemolytic anemias.
    • In pre-hepatic jaundice, unconjugated bilirubin levels are increased, conjugated is normal, with urine bilirubin negative and urine urobilinogen increased.
    • In bile obstruction, levels of unconjugated bilirubin are normal, conjugated bilirubin is increased, urine bilirubin is positive, and urine urobilinogen is negative.

    Bilirubin Disorders

    • Gilbert's Disease involves immature UGT leading to elevated unconjugated bilirubin.
    • Crigler-Najjar syndrome shows increased unconjugated bilirubin due to absent UGT, and the prolific UGT form causes increased conjugated bilirubin.
    • Dubin-Johnson syndrome results from un-excretable bilirubin, increasing unconjugated levels.

    Acid-Base Balance

    • Normal ranges: pH (7.35-7.45), pCO2 (35-45 mmHg), and HCO3 (22-26 mEq/L).

    Gram-Positive Cocci

    • Staphylococcus aureus is a catalase-negative cocci that appears in clusters and causes toxic shock syndrome.
    • Coagulase negative Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a likely cause of urinary tract infections in sexually active women.

    Alpha-Hemolytic Organisms

    • Streptococcus pneumoniae is an alpha-hemolytic Gram-positive cocci that is optochin sensitive.

    Bacterial Cultures

    • Beta-hemolytic bacteria from nasopharyngeal cultures that are bacitracin susceptible is likely Streptococcus pyogenes.
    • Streptococcus agalactiae is bacitracin resistant.

    Group D Streptococcus

    • Group D Streptococcus is bile esculin positive but not significant when found in urine cultures.

    Resistance Patterns

    • Enterococcus species are resistant to bacitracin.
    • MRSA is resistant to penicillin and needs treatment with vancomycin.

    Organsims Associated with Specific Conditions

    • Nocardia spp. is a non-spore forming, branching Gram-positive bacillus associated with respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised patients.
    • Erysipelothrix spp. may affect fishermen with non-spore forming infections.
    • Haemophilus ducreyi requires only X factor for growth, while Haemophilus aphrophilus needs neither.

    Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics

    • The Enterobacteriaceae family includes Gram-negative rods, catalase positive, oxidase negative, capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite, facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose.
    • Lactose fermenters among Enterobacteriaceae include E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter.
    • Methyl red positive lactose fermenters include E. coli and Citrobacter.

    Biochemical Tests for Differentiation

    • Citrate tests can differentiate between Enterobacter aerogenes and other Enterobacter species.
    • Indole tests distinguish Klebsiella oxytoca from K. pneumoniae.
    • Shigella dysenteriae is identified through mannitol fermentation tests.
    • Non-lactose fermenting bacteria that are methyl red positive and motile include Shigella.

    Enteric Bacteria and Pathogens

    • Non-lactose fermenters with H2S production include Proteus spp. and Edwardsiella spp.
    • The differentiation of Proteus vulgaris from P. mirabilis can be accomplished via indole testing.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on MLS terminology and nomenclature translations with this high yield review. This quiz covers important concepts such as Weiner and Fisher-Rice systems, and antibody prevalence in populations. Perfect for students preparing for MLS exams.

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