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Questions and Answers
Translate the following from Weiner to Fisher-Rice nomenclature: R0
Translate the following from Weiner to Fisher-Rice nomenclature: R0
- C.cDe (correct)
- B.CdE
- D.CDe
- A.cDE
Translate the following from Fisher-Rice to Weiner nomenclature: CdE
Translate the following from Fisher-Rice to Weiner nomenclature: CdE
- D.ry (correct)
- C.R2
- B.r"
- A.r'
Which of the following antibodies are most common in the Caucasian population?
Which of the following antibodies are most common in the Caucasian population?
- A.c
- D.D
- C.C
- B.e (correct)
What percentage of the population is Rh positive?
What percentage of the population is Rh positive?
Which of the following are cold antibodies?
Which of the following are cold antibodies?
Of the following antibodies, which tend to react only in the AHG phase?
Of the following antibodies, which tend to react only in the AHG phase?
Which of the following antibodies can cause in-vitro hemolysis?
Which of the following antibodies can cause in-vitro hemolysis?
Which of the following antibodies is associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Which of the following antibodies is associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
What is the discrepancy in a patient with GI disease typed as the following: aA: 4+, aB: 2+, Ac: 0, Bc: 4+?
What is the discrepancy in a patient with GI disease typed as the following: aA: 4+, aB: 2+, Ac: 0, Bc: 4+?
Hepatic, pancreatic, and testicular cancer show an increase in which of the following markers?
Hepatic, pancreatic, and testicular cancer show an increase in which of the following markers?
Of the following cardiac biomarkers, which is the first to rise and which sticks around the longest?
Of the following cardiac biomarkers, which is the first to rise and which sticks around the longest?
What is the most common cause of pre-hepatic jaundice?
What is the most common cause of pre-hepatic jaundice?
In pre-hepatic jaundice, what are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili?
In pre-hepatic jaundice, what are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili?
What are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili in a patient with bile obstruction?
What are the levels of unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, urine bili, and urine urobili in a patient with bile obstruction?
All of the following are correctly matched with their underlying mechanisms and outcomes, EXCEPT:
All of the following are correctly matched with their underlying mechanisms and outcomes, EXCEPT:
What are the normal ranges for pH, pCO2, and HCO3?
What are the normal ranges for pH, pCO2, and HCO3?
Which of the following is a gram positive cocci that appears in clusters, catalase negative, and causes toxic shock syndrome?
Which of the following is a gram positive cocci that appears in clusters, catalase negative, and causes toxic shock syndrome?
A 25-year-old female patient presents with burning upon urination and has recently been sexually active. A vaginal swab is cultured and is found to be novobiocin resistant, oxidase negative, and coagulase negative. Which of the following is the likely cause of the infection?
A 25-year-old female patient presents with burning upon urination and has recently been sexually active. A vaginal swab is cultured and is found to be novobiocin resistant, oxidase negative, and coagulase negative. Which of the following is the likely cause of the infection?
Which of the following is a GPC, catalase positive, alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive organism?
Which of the following is a GPC, catalase positive, alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive organism?
A swab collected from the nasopharynx is cultured on BAP and produces a beta hemolytic colony that appears to be susceptible to bacitracin. Which of the following is most likely causing the infection?
A swab collected from the nasopharynx is cultured on BAP and produces a beta hemolytic colony that appears to be susceptible to bacitracin. Which of the following is most likely causing the infection?
Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacitracin sensitive organism.
Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacitracin sensitive organism.
Strep viridans is normal flora of the upper respiratory tract.
Strep viridans is normal flora of the upper respiratory tract.
Group D Strep is bile esculin negative.
Group D Strep is bile esculin negative.
Group B Strep causes scarlet fever.
Group B Strep causes scarlet fever.
Group B Strep is significant when found in urine cultures of pregnant women.
Group B Strep is significant when found in urine cultures of pregnant women.
Enterococcus is resistant to bacitracin.
Enterococcus is resistant to bacitracin.
Staph epidermidis is the causative agent of Toxic Shock Syndrome and is sensitive to novobiocin.
Staph epidermidis is the causative agent of Toxic Shock Syndrome and is sensitive to novobiocin.
MRSA is resistant to penicillin and must be treated with vancomycin.
MRSA is resistant to penicillin and must be treated with vancomycin.
A non-spore forming, branching, GP bacillus was recovered from an immunocompromised patient who was suffering from shortness of breath and wheezing. Which of the following fits this clinical picture?
A non-spore forming, branching, GP bacillus was recovered from an immunocompromised patient who was suffering from shortness of breath and wheezing. Which of the following fits this clinical picture?
A fisherman noticed a rash on his arm and decided to go to the clinic after it persisted for a week. A gram positive bacillus was recovered and tested positive for H2S production, was catalase negative, and non-spore forming. Which of the following organisms is likely to be affecting the fisherman?
A fisherman noticed a rash on his arm and decided to go to the clinic after it persisted for a week. A gram positive bacillus was recovered and tested positive for H2S production, was catalase negative, and non-spore forming. Which of the following organisms is likely to be affecting the fisherman?
A gram negative coccobacillus is recovered that is found to require only X factor to grow. Which of the following species requires only X factor to grow?
A gram negative coccobacillus is recovered that is found to require only X factor to grow. Which of the following species requires only X factor to grow?
Which of the following species of Haemophilus requires no X and V factors for growth and can convert ALA to protoporphyrin?
Which of the following species of Haemophilus requires no X and V factors for growth and can convert ALA to protoporphyrin?
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is the only species of Haemophilus to require only X or V factor.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is the only species of Haemophilus to require only X or V factor.
The group Enterobacteriaceae is known for several characteristics. Which of the following choices is the accurate description for the group?
The group Enterobacteriaceae is known for several characteristics. Which of the following choices is the accurate description for the group?
If Enterobacteriaceae are lactose fermenters, which Genus are possible suspects?
If Enterobacteriaceae are lactose fermenters, which Genus are possible suspects?
Of the lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following reacts with methyl red?
Of the lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following reacts with methyl red?
Which of the following is a differential test for the enteric bacteria E.coli and Citrobacter?
Which of the following is a differential test for the enteric bacteria E.coli and Citrobacter?
Of the methyl red negative, lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following are positive for motility?
Of the methyl red negative, lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which of the following are positive for motility?
Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Enterobacter aerogenes from E.cloaceae and E.sakazakii?
Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Enterobacter aerogenes from E.cloaceae and E.sakazakii?
Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Klebsiella oxytoca from K.pneumoniae?
Which of the following biochemical tests differentiates Klebsiella oxytoca from K.pneumoniae?
Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which does not react with methyl red?
Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria, which does not react with methyl red?
Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria that react with methyl red, which is motile?
Of the non-lactose fermenting enteric bacteria that react with methyl red, which is motile?
Which biochemical test differentiates Shigella dysenteriae?
Which biochemical test differentiates Shigella dysenteriae?
Shigella sonnei is differentiated from S. ______ and S. ______ with ONPG positive reaction.
Shigella sonnei is differentiated from S. ______ and S. ______ with ONPG positive reaction.
Flashcards
R0 in Weiner Nomenclature
R0 in Weiner Nomenclature
R0 translates to cDe in Weiner nomenclature.
Commonest Antibody in Caucasians
Commonest Antibody in Caucasians
Antibody e is the most common in Caucasians.
Population Rh Factor
Population Rh Factor
Approximately 85% of the population is Rh positive.
Cold Antibodies
Cold Antibodies
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Antibody Reaction Phase
Antibody Reaction Phase
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In-vitro Hemolysis Antibodies
In-vitro Hemolysis Antibodies
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Kidd Antibody Reaction
Kidd Antibody Reaction
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Acquired B Antigen
Acquired B Antigen
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Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)
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First Rising Cardiac Biomarker
First Rising Cardiac Biomarker
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Longest Elevated Cardiac Biomarker
Longest Elevated Cardiac Biomarker
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Pre-Hepatic Jaundice Cause
Pre-Hepatic Jaundice Cause
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Bile Obstruction Characteristics
Bile Obstruction Characteristics
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Gilbert's Disease
Gilbert's Disease
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Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
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Acid-Base Balance Normal Ranges
Acid-Base Balance Normal Ranges
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Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
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Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Beta-Hemolytic Bacteria Identification
Beta-Hemolytic Bacteria Identification
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Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae
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Group D Streptococcus
Group D Streptococcus
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Enterococcus Resistance
Enterococcus Resistance
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MRSA Resistance
MRSA Resistance
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Nocardia spp.
Nocardia spp.
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Erysipelothrix spp.
Erysipelothrix spp.
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Haemophilus ducreyi Growth
Haemophilus ducreyi Growth
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Enterobacteriaceae Family Features
Enterobacteriaceae Family Features
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Lactose Fermenters in Enterobacteriaceae
Lactose Fermenters in Enterobacteriaceae
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Methyl Red Positive Lactose Fermenters
Methyl Red Positive Lactose Fermenters
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Citrate Tests Use
Citrate Tests Use
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Indole Tests Purpose
Indole Tests Purpose
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Mannitol Fermentation Identification
Mannitol Fermentation Identification
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Non-Lactose Fermenters with H2S
Non-Lactose Fermenters with H2S
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Differentiating Proteus Species
Differentiating Proteus Species
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Study Notes
Nomenclature Translations
- R0 translates to Weiner nomenclature as cDe.
- CdE translates to Weiner nomenclature as ry.
Antibody Prevalence and Rh Factor
- The most common antibody in the Caucasian population is antibody e.
- Approximately 85% of the population is Rh positive.
Antibodies and Hemolysis
- Cold antibodies include M, N, P.
- Kidd, Kell, and Duffy antibodies react primarily in the AHG phase.
- Kidd and Kell, Lewis and P1, as well as ABO can cause in-vitro hemolysis.
- The Kidd antibody is associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Blood Typing Discrepancies
- In cases of GI disease, a patient may produce an acquired B antigen, resulting from sugar cleavage on the A antigen.
Tumor Markers
- Hepatic, pancreatic, and testicular cancers show an increase in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
Cardiac Biomarkers
- Myoglobin rises first among cardiac biomarkers, while Troponin remains elevated the longest.
Jaundice Mechanisms
- The most common cause of pre-hepatic jaundice is hemolytic anemias.
- In pre-hepatic jaundice, unconjugated bilirubin levels are increased, conjugated is normal, with urine bilirubin negative and urine urobilinogen increased.
- In bile obstruction, levels of unconjugated bilirubin are normal, conjugated bilirubin is increased, urine bilirubin is positive, and urine urobilinogen is negative.
Bilirubin Disorders
- Gilbert's Disease involves immature UGT leading to elevated unconjugated bilirubin.
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome shows increased unconjugated bilirubin due to absent UGT, and the prolific UGT form causes increased conjugated bilirubin.
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome results from un-excretable bilirubin, increasing unconjugated levels.
Acid-Base Balance
- Normal ranges: pH (7.35-7.45), pCO2 (35-45 mmHg), and HCO3 (22-26 mEq/L).
Gram-Positive Cocci
- Staphylococcus aureus is a catalase-negative cocci that appears in clusters and causes toxic shock syndrome.
- Coagulase negative Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a likely cause of urinary tract infections in sexually active women.
Alpha-Hemolytic Organisms
- Streptococcus pneumoniae is an alpha-hemolytic Gram-positive cocci that is optochin sensitive.
Bacterial Cultures
- Beta-hemolytic bacteria from nasopharyngeal cultures that are bacitracin susceptible is likely Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Streptococcus agalactiae is bacitracin resistant.
Group D Streptococcus
- Group D Streptococcus is bile esculin positive but not significant when found in urine cultures.
Resistance Patterns
- Enterococcus species are resistant to bacitracin.
- MRSA is resistant to penicillin and needs treatment with vancomycin.
Organsims Associated with Specific Conditions
- Nocardia spp. is a non-spore forming, branching Gram-positive bacillus associated with respiratory symptoms in immunocompromised patients.
- Erysipelothrix spp. may affect fishermen with non-spore forming infections.
- Haemophilus ducreyi requires only X factor for growth, while Haemophilus aphrophilus needs neither.
Enterobacteriaceae Characteristics
- The Enterobacteriaceae family includes Gram-negative rods, catalase positive, oxidase negative, capable of reducing nitrate to nitrite, facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose.
- Lactose fermenters among Enterobacteriaceae include E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter.
- Methyl red positive lactose fermenters include E. coli and Citrobacter.
Biochemical Tests for Differentiation
- Citrate tests can differentiate between Enterobacter aerogenes and other Enterobacter species.
- Indole tests distinguish Klebsiella oxytoca from K. pneumoniae.
- Shigella dysenteriae is identified through mannitol fermentation tests.
- Non-lactose fermenting bacteria that are methyl red positive and motile include Shigella.
Enteric Bacteria and Pathogens
- Non-lactose fermenters with H2S production include Proteus spp. and Edwardsiella spp.
- The differentiation of Proteus vulgaris from P. mirabilis can be accomplished via indole testing.
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Description
Test your knowledge on MLS terminology and nomenclature translations with this high yield review. This quiz covers important concepts such as Weiner and Fisher-Rice systems, and antibody prevalence in populations. Perfect for students preparing for MLS exams.
