40 Questions
What is the recommended approach to reviewing content areas before the examination?
Study your strongest subject first, then progress to your weakest.
What should you do while using this review book to test your knowledge of the content area?
Read the explanations for each question, regardless of whether you answered it correctly or not.
What should you do with the information you did not know while reviewing the content area?
Highlight it and review it before answering the questions in the book a second time.
What is the purpose of taking the comprehensive examination included in the book?
To evaluate your performance by both subject and taxonomy.
What should you do if you score lower in a particular subject area?
Devote more time to studying the subject area where you scored lower.
What is recommended for recalling information from charts and tables?
Make note cards with charts and tables.
What should you do in your third round of study?
Plan your third round of study so that you end with your weakest subject.
What should you do after completing the third round of study?
Take online examinations to test your knowledge.
What is the characteristic of Döhle bodies in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)?
They are oval and light blue
Which of the following enzymes is NOT contained in the primary granules of neutrophils?
Lactoferrin
What is the mean relative lymphocyte percentage for a 1-year-old child?
61%
Which of the following is NOT a qualitative and quantitative neutrophil change noted in response to infection?
Nuclear hyposegmentation
What is the absolute neutrophil count that indicates neutropenia?
Less than 1.5 × 109/L
What is the morphological characteristic associated with Chédiak–Higashi syndrome?
Giant lysosomal granules
What condition must Pelger–Huët anomaly be differentiated from?
May–Hegglin anomaly
What type of granules contain lactoferrin and collagenase?
Secondary granules
What is the normal physiological response to anemia?
An increase in the kidney’s production of erythropoietin
What is a characteristic of marrow failure due to leukemia?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and granulocytopenia
What type of acute leukemia is characterized by monoblasts, promonocytes, and monocytes?
Acute monocytic leukemia
At what age does ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia) occur with the highest frequency?
1-15 years
Which type of acute leukemia is most often associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (PML)
What is the significance of an M:E ratio of 10:1?
It is seen in leukemia
What is a characteristic of Auer rods?
They are composed of azurophilic granules
What is the incidence of acute monocytic leukemia among all acute leukemias?
1% to 8%
What type of tubes can be used to draw blood without affecting the ESR?
Sodium citrate and EDTA tubes
What is the term for anemia characterized by normal erythrocyte size and normal hemoglobin concentration?
Normocytic normochromic anemia
What is the most common staining method used to stain and manually count reticulocytes?
Supravital staining
What is the principle behind the Coulter principle for counting of cells?
Isotonic solutions conduct electricity better than cells do
Why is a correction necessary for WBC counts when NRBCs are seen on the peripheral blood smear?
NRBCs are counted as leukocytes
What type of anemia is characterized by anisocytosis and poikilocytosis?
Microcytic anemia
What would an increased RDW correlate with?
Anisocytosis
What factor does not influence the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
Blood drawn into a sodium citrate tube
What is the term for the bluish tinge of immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood?
Polychromasia
What is the formula to calculate the mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)?
Hgb / Hct
What is the purpose of a 1:10 dilution in a manual WBC count?
To decrease the number of cells to be counted
What type of cell is stained with Prussian blue to reveal iron granules?
Siderocyte
What test is most likely to be erroneous if a 7.0-mL EDTA tube is received with only 2.0 mL of blood?
Hct
What type of phagocytic cells produce lysozymes that are bacteriocidal?
Neutrophils
What is the formula to calculate the RBC count from a manual count?
Total cells counted / (dilution x area counted)
What is the unit of measurement for Hemoglobin (Hgb) in the calculation of MCHC?
g/dL
Study Notes
Study Plan for MLS Review
- Create a study plan to review each content area at least three times
- Start with the strongest subject and progress to the weakest
- Review class notes first, then use the review book to test knowledge
- Read explanations for each question, regardless of whether answered correctly or not
- Highlight unknown information and review before answering questions again
- Evaluate performance by subject and taxonomy after the second round
- Devote more time to weak subjects and take note cards with charts and tables to commit to memory
Test-Taking Skills
- Make a study plan before the examination
- Plan to review all material in a few days
- Practice with questions online to get exposure to many more based on interpreting photomicrographs
Hematology
Polychromasia
- Describes the bluish tinge of immature erythrocytes (reticulocytes) circulating in peripheral blood
Calculate MCHC
- Formula: MCHC = Hgb / Hct
- Example: Hgb = 15 g/dL, Hct = 47 mL/dL, RBC = 4.50 × 10^6/µL
- Answer: C. 31.9% (0.319)
Manual WBC Count
- Formula: Total WBC count = (Total cells counted / Total squares counted) × Dilution factor
- Example: Total cells counted = 36, Dilution factor = 1:10
- Answer: D. 8.0 × 10^9/L
Iron Granules in Erythrocytes
- When stained with Prussian blue, iron granules in erythrocytes are called siderocytes
Errors in Laboratory Tests
- Errors can occur in RBC count, Hgb, Hct, and WBC count due to specimen collection and handling
- Example: 7.0-mL EDTA tube received with only 2.0 mL of blood
- Answer: A. RBC count
Phagocytic Cells
- Neutrophils produce lysozymes that are bacteriocidal
- Eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets do not produce lysozymes
Reticulocyte Count
- Supravital staining is used most frequently to stain and manually count reticulocytes
- Immunofluorescence, Romanowsky staining, and cytochemical staining are not used for reticulocyte count
Create a study plan to review each content area at least three times, starting with the strongest subject and progressing to the weakest. Review class notes, use review books, and evaluate performance by subject and taxonomy.
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