MLS 1004SEF: Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of molecular diagnostics in healthcare?

  • To enable healthcare professionals to effectively oversee patient care across the entire spectrum of treatment (correct)
  • To identify the genetic predisposition of a disease in a patient
  • To study the molecular structure of nucleic acids in a tissue or fluid sample
  • To develop new instruments and methods for nucleic acids detection
  • What is the primary focus of laboratory methods in molecular diagnostics?

  • Designing laboratory workflows for molecular genetics
  • Studying the molecular structure of proteins in a tissue or fluid sample
  • Developing new instruments and methods for nucleic acids detection
  • Identifying the risk of developing a disease by analyzing DNA and RNA (correct)
  • What is the significance of the timeline of principal discoveries in molecular biology?

  • It is essential for understanding the molecular structure of nucleic acids
  • It is crucial for designing laboratory workflows for molecular genetics
  • It helps in the development of new laboratory instruments and methods
  • It influenced the development of molecular diagnostics (correct)
  • What is the primary purpose of nucleic acids extraction in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>To help identify a disease or the risk of developing a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of laboratory design in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>To design workflows for molecular genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of other diagnostic tools and technologies in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>They are used to support the identification of a disease or the risk of developing a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary application of molecular diagnostics in disease management?

    <p>Planning treatment for a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many main categories of diagnostics are there?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of the human haploid genome?

    <p>3.3 G bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the interaction between genetic factors and response to medications?

    <p>Pharmacogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of molecular diagnostic test?

    <p>Imaging tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the human diploid genome?

    <p>6.6 G bp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of using fluorophore-labeled sequence-specific probes?

    <p>They bind non-specifically to all dsDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the quencher in a TaqMan probe?

    <p>To absorb the fluorescence signal when the probe is intact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During primer extension, what happens to the fluorophore-labeled sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe?

    <p>It is degraded by the exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Peltier (thermoelectric module) in a real-time PCR instrument?

    <p>To control the temperature of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the TaqMan probe produce a fluorescence signal?

    <p>By cleaving the probe, separating the fluorophore from the quencher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using TaqMan probes over other types of probes?

    <p>They are more specific to the target DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the quencher molecule in a TaqMan probe?

    <p>To absorb the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophore via Förster resonance energy transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of generating a standard curve in a quantitative real-time PCR assay?

    <p>To quantify the target DNA concentration by interpolating the Cq or Ct values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a slope of –3.32 in a standard curve generated from a serial 10-fold dilution series?

    <p>It indicates 100% amplification efficiency during each PCR cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of thermal cycling in PCR?

    <p>To change the surface temperature and keep it at the target temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fluorophore in a TaqMan probe?

    <p>To emit fluorescent signals when excited by the light source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of plotting the Cq or Ct values against the logarithm of the standard quantity in a quantitative real-time PCR assay?

    <p>To generate a standard curve for quantitative analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a low-throughput manual approach in nucleic acid amplification workflow?

    <p>Minimization of capital cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of spatial separation of pre- and post-amplification work areas in laboratory design?

    <p>To reduce the risk of amplicon carry-over on clothing and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using positive displacement pipettes and disposable filtered pipette tips in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>To minimize the risk of amplicon carry-over on pipettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using sterilized single-use plasticware in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>To minimize the risk of contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a unidirectional workflow in laboratory design for nucleic acid amplification?

    <p>To minimize the risk of contamination and carry-over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using cleanroom sticky floor mats in molecular diagnostics?

    <p>To minimize the risk of contamination and carry-over on clothing and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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