MLS 1004SEF: Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics Quiz

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What is the primary goal of molecular diagnostics in healthcare?

To enable healthcare professionals to effectively oversee patient care across the entire spectrum of treatment (correct)
To identify the genetic predisposition of a disease in a patient
To study the molecular structure of nucleic acids in a tissue or fluid sample
To develop new instruments and methods for nucleic acids detection

What is the primary focus of laboratory methods in molecular diagnostics?

Designing laboratory workflows for molecular genetics
Studying the molecular structure of proteins in a tissue or fluid sample
Developing new instruments and methods for nucleic acids detection
Identifying the risk of developing a disease by analyzing DNA and RNA (correct)

What is the significance of the timeline of principal discoveries in molecular biology?

It is essential for understanding the molecular structure of nucleic acids
It is crucial for designing laboratory workflows for molecular genetics
It helps in the development of new laboratory instruments and methods
It influenced the development of molecular diagnostics (correct)

What is the primary purpose of nucleic acids extraction in molecular diagnostics?

To help identify a disease or the risk of developing a disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of laboratory design in molecular diagnostics?

To design workflows for molecular genetics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of other diagnostic tools and technologies in molecular diagnostics?

They are used to support the identification of a disease or the risk of developing a disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary application of molecular diagnostics in disease management?

Planning treatment for a disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

How many main categories of diagnostics are there?

5 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of the human haploid genome?

3.3 G bp (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the interaction between genetic factors and response to medications?

Pharmacogenetics (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of molecular diagnostic test?

Imaging tests (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the human diploid genome?

6.6 G bp (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of using fluorophore-labeled sequence-specific probes?

They bind non-specifically to all dsDNA (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the quencher in a TaqMan probe?

To absorb the fluorescence signal when the probe is intact (D) Signup and view all the answers

During primer extension, what happens to the fluorophore-labeled sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe?

It is degraded by the exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Peltier (thermoelectric module) in a real-time PCR instrument?

To control the temperature of the reaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the TaqMan probe produce a fluorescence signal?

By cleaving the probe, separating the fluorophore from the quencher (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using TaqMan probes over other types of probes?

They are more specific to the target DNA sequence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the quencher molecule in a TaqMan probe?

To absorb the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophore via Förster resonance energy transfer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of generating a standard curve in a quantitative real-time PCR assay?

To quantify the target DNA concentration by interpolating the Cq or Ct values (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a slope of –3.32 in a standard curve generated from a serial 10-fold dilution series?

It indicates 100% amplification efficiency during each PCR cycle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thermal cycling in PCR?

To change the surface temperature and keep it at the target temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fluorophore in a TaqMan probe?

To emit fluorescent signals when excited by the light source (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of plotting the Cq or Ct values against the logarithm of the standard quantity in a quantitative real-time PCR assay?

To generate a standard curve for quantitative analysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a low-throughput manual approach in nucleic acid amplification workflow?

Minimization of capital cost (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of spatial separation of pre- and post-amplification work areas in laboratory design?

To reduce the risk of amplicon carry-over on clothing and skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using positive displacement pipettes and disposable filtered pipette tips in molecular diagnostics?

To minimize the risk of amplicon carry-over on pipettes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using sterilized single-use plasticware in molecular diagnostics?

To minimize the risk of contamination (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using a unidirectional workflow in laboratory design for nucleic acid amplification?

To minimize the risk of contamination and carry-over (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using cleanroom sticky floor mats in molecular diagnostics?

To minimize the risk of contamination and carry-over on clothing and skin (B) Signup and view all the answers